A study on the role of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetes
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BMS360 Assignment 1 instructionSynopsis of a Research Grant Proposal
Applying for research funding is an important part of biomedical research as nothing is these days is done for free! Modern biomedical research can be an expensive undertaking and often involves writing grant applications for funding to conduct research for conference travel and for fellowships and bursaries. Funding bodies can include major international organisations like the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the USA national competitive granting schemes like the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NH&MRC) and local funding bodies like the Cancer Council and Asthma Society.Often the key to success in these schemes is to be able to write a short description of your research that is concise and can be read by someone who is not necessarily an expert in the field (i.e. a synopsis). First impressions are important and often the decision to consider the grant further is made on the basis of the synopsis. The trick is to be able to convey why you want to do the research and how it can benefit mankind and make this so convincing that they have no choice but to give you the money!In many ways a synopsis is a slightly bigger version of an abstract you might write for a research study however with one big difference: this time you are describing work that you want to do rather than work that has been done!Assignment FormatThe synopsis must be kept short (2 A4 pages maximum not including references; use 12point Times New Roman or Arial font single spaced) and must cover the following headings (note: you should use these headings!):????
1. TitleProvide a very brief descriptive title for the project that clearly explains the purpose of the project. Try to keep it as non-technical as possible and avoid the use of abbreviations.
2. IntroductionIn this section describe the background to the research project you want to do and why it is necessary to do it. (N.B. make sure it is a human disease based project not a veterinary project!). This section should clearly indicate why you need to do the research and summarise the recent literature in this area i.e. describe the disease you are studying and what is known or not known about a certain disease process or why a new drug needs to be developed etc. Keep this section clear and to the point it must indicate what is new about your project that has not been done before and link in with the Aims of the project. Make sure you provide sufficient references through is section to provide a good background to what has been done previously in this area.
3. AimsClearly state the specific Aims of the project (no more than 3 maximum). These should link to the Introduction and should be clearly stated. Dont make them too broad or unachievable (e.g. Aim 1: To cure colorectal cancer is clearly not achievable in a small research project). The trick is to make them achievable in the context of this project which means making them specific.
4. ApproachIn this section briefly describe the methodology you will use and enough detail to demonstrate you know how they work. You need to clearly indicate here how you will recruit patients and how many* (if a human study) or what animal model you will use what techniques will be used (use scientific detail as required) and how you will interpret the results.* Be realistic e.g. if it is a rare disease then you might struggle to recruit 100 patients.??5. SignificanceThis is the sales pitch!! Provide a brief summary of the project and explain the benefits of your project if you achieve your Aims e.g. you might develop a better drug with less side effects a better understanding of the side effects of a drug following a clinical trial a better understanding of the disease process to allow new drugs to be developed.6. ReferencesChoose current references where possibleYou must use the VANCOUVER style for referencingo See http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/Vancouver for further details if you are not familiar with this styleYou will be assessed on how extensively you reference in text and the accuracy and formatting of your end-text referencing.o Please check carefully the format for citing in text and end texto Note the format used for citing web pages and internet resourcesYou will probably need around 6 articles and no more than 8 in total. End-textreference lists are not included in the page count.YOU MUST USE PEER-REVIEWED SOURCES AS REFERENCES. YOU WILL LOSEMARKS FOR USING NON-PEER REVIEWED WEB PAGES OR ARTICLES.????How do I start?You can cover an area of research for any disease in any of the topics we have dealt with in the unit the best advice I can give is pick one you find interesting. My advice would be to find one or two very recent research article in the area and read it (or them) carefully. A good paper will identify both the strengths of their study as well areas that need further research. Use this paper(s) as a guide to writing your synopsis however your synopsis should not just be a summary of these articles but needs to suggest a new area of research. Identify an area in the field that needs more research and use the recent papers to help you describe your approach i.e. an animal model of the disease or a clinical trial what types of tests you will be performing and what you would expect to see if your experiments are successful. However make sure you cite your references accurately!

Critically analyse the health effects on a person of having Down syndrome, intellectual disability, and a chronic illness and the impact of the nurses ability to promote the health and wellbeing of the person.
Format
All assignments are to be typed.Typing must be according to the following format. Required format:Length: as designated by assignment3 cm left and right marginsDouble SpacedFont: Arial or Times New RomanFont size: 12pta minimum of 8 peerreviewed academic references. Reference list and in-text citations are NOTincluded in the word count. ( USE REFERENCES YEAR 2010 ONWARDS)

Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing
Identify a minimum of three major events (or influences) in the evolution of community and public health nursing and describe how each event led to advancement of the field. For each event, describe the following:
Key health issues at the timePerspectives and goals of community and public health nursingRoles and functions of community and public health nursingCommunity and public health partnerships at the time Event or Influence: Key health issuesPerspective/goalsRole/functionsHealth partnerships
How did this event (or influence) advance community and public health nursing?Event or Influence: Key health issuesPerspective/goalsRole/functionsHealth partnerships
How did this event (or influence) advance community and public health nursing?Event or Influence: Key health issuesPerspective/goalsRole/functionsHealth partnershipsHow did this event (or influence) advance community and public health nursing?

Discuss how moral distress can affect nurses and its impact on nursing staff retention.
Make recommendations on how the impact of moral distress on nursing staff can be limited Moral distress is the state of psychological discomfort and distress that arises when an individual recognises that they have moral responsibility in a given situation, make a moral judgement regarding the best course of action but for a range of reasons are unable to carry out what they perceive to be the correct course of action. In reference to nursing, it specifically refers to the psychological conflict that occurs when a nurse has to take actions that conflict with what they believe is right, for example, due to restrictions in practice policies within institutions (Fitzpatrick and Wallace, 2011). Studies in this area usually use the original definition by Jameton in 1993 moral distress arises when one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action (Jameton, 1984). Further work by Wilkinson in 1987, who published an account of moral distress (Wilkinson, 1989) refined this definition to relate it directly to psychological disequilibrium and negative feeling (Wilkinson, 1987).
Common causes cited by nurses for not being able to fulfil their moral responsibility include a lack of confidence in the ability of colleagues, negative attitudes of colleagues towards patients and a team decision on care that does not follow the patients expressed wishes, or fear of reprisal resulting from the course of action they feel is best for the patient (Wojtowicz et al., 2014)..For example, a nurse working in post-operative ward might experience a patient dying as the result of refusing a blood transfusion following surgery due to religious beliefs. The nurses personal judgement may be that the patient should receive the blood transfusion to give them the best chance of surviving the surgery. However, because the patient did not consent, the nurse could not carry out the action they perceived to be correct.
When the patient died, the nurse may have experienced emotional and psychological distress in the form of guilt and anger that they had not saved a life that may have been possible to save, as well as feelings of helplessness that they could not overrule the patients wishes (Stanley and Matchett, 2014).In 2015, Whitehead et al carried out a large scale questionnaire based study in the USA on moral distress amongst nurses and other healthcare professionals (592 participants, 395 of which were registered nurses). The most common causes of moral distress in nurses included frustration at a lack of patient care due to inadequate continuity (rated 6.4 by.