Chapter 4-Hospitals: Origin, Organization and Performance
Assigned Readings: Chapter 4
Answer the following questions:
For a hospital to operate efficiently and effectively, the three important influences in its governance, medical staff, board of trustees, and administration, must work together in reasonable harmony. What factors might contribute to tensions among these groups?
As nursing profession has expanded through advanced degrees, specialization, and clinical practice, nurses’ salaries and responsibilities have also increased. Now, hospitals substitute non-nurses for nurses to perform all but the most technical tasks. What are the implications for the nursing profession? Have nurses lost their traditional role of hands-on patient care and, if so, is that to their advantage or disadvantage?The traditional management style of hospitals has been hierarchical and internally focused. What are three important challenges that face hospitals to accommodate new payer and consumer expectations?The availability of hospital insurance removed an important cost constraint from hospital services and charges. What were some positive and negative consequences of that development?
The organization and practices of modern hospitals reflect the promotion of specialization and sub-specialization by academic health centers. What were the advantages and disadvantages to patients of increasing the number of physicians who limit their activities to narrower fields of practice?
With significant oversupply of hospital beds in the U.S. what is the rationale for taxpayer support of the separate and costly hospital system of the Department of Veterans Affairs?

 

Describe a vector-borne disease that represents public health problems in the United States. Infections may be spread among humans by intermediaries known as vectors. Certain insects such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, etc., serve as vectors.
Using your course textbook, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, research the vector-borne diseases. Find maps that reveal the vector-borne diseases that have significantly affected the world history (e.g., plague).
In your response, address the following:
Describe the organism that causes the disease and the vector that transmits the disease to humans.Briefly list the health problems caused by the disease and whether the disease can be fatal.Provide key statistics on the frequency with which the disease occurs in the United States and whether certain areas of the country are at greater risk than others.Review the environmental conditions that favor spread of the disease and the public health programs in place to prevent the disease in the United States. Provide your opinion on how these public health programs could be improved.

 

For your Patient Satisfaction Quality Improvement Project, write a 1,400- to 1,750-word report in which you will:
• Explain the types of information technology systems you used to gather data.
o Explain how the use of nursing informatics applies to your department or unit, and how it relates to your quality improvement initiative.o Evaluate the influence of information technology on patient care. Does it improve patient care? How much nursing time does technology take away from patient care? Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of barcoding.
• Analyze which systems contribute to the management and maintenance of change for the organization.
• Analyze the Health and Medicine Division recommendations for integrated information systems (e.g., EpicCare, Cerner, ABELMed, FutureNet, or other system).
• Determine other types of applications of technology, other than the electronic medical record system, to implement the quality improvement project.

 

Due Week 10 and worth 100 points
Refer back to all of the assignments you have completed related to Reliable Pharmaceutical Supply. Read the following specifications and answer the questions in an eight to ten (8-10) page paper.To process a prescription order, RPS needs to know about the patients, the nursing home, and the nursing home unit where each patient resides. Each nursing home has at least one, but possibly many, units. A patient is assigned to a specific unit. An order consists of one or more prescriptions, each for one specific drug and one specific patient. An order, therefore, consists of prescriptions for more than one patient. Careful tracking and record keeping is crucial. In addition, each patient has multiple prescriptions, and one pharmacist fills each order.
1. Based on the above information, create an entity-relationship diagram that shows the data storage requirements for the system using Visio or its open source alternative software. Add six (6) attributes to each data entity and show minimum and maximum cardinality. Note: The graphically depicted solution may not exceed one (1) page per diagram.
2. Then, create a domain model class for the same information using Visio or its open source alternative software. Include six (6) attributes for each class and show minimum and maximum multiplicity. Note: The graphically depicted solution may not exceed one (1) page per diagram.
There are several points in the order-fulfillment process at which information must be recorded in the system. Case manifests must be printed at the start of each shift. Because a prescription may take a long time to be used completely, information must be entered into the system each time a medication is sent, noting the quantity sent and which pharmacist filled the prescription for that shift.Prescriptions contain basic information such as ID number, original date of order, drug, unit of dosage (pill, teaspoon, suppository), size of dosage, frequency of dosage, and special instructions (take with food, take before meals). There are several types of prescriptions, each with unique characteristics. Some orders are for a single, one-time-use prescription. Some orders are for a number of dosages. Some orders are for a certain time period. Information about the prescription order must be maintained. An order occurs when the nursing home phones in the needed prescriptions. Because prescriptions may last for an extended period of time, a prescription is a separate entity from the order itself. The system records which employee accepted and entered the original order.
The system has basic data about all drugs. Each drug has generic information such as name, chemical, and manufacturer. More detailed information for each type of dosage, such as the size of the pill, is also kept. A single drug may have many different sizes and types.
Information about the fulfillment of orders must also be maintained. For example, on a prescription for a number of pills, the system must keep a record of each time a pill or number of pills is dispensed. A record is maintained of which pharmacist fulfilled the order. Assume all prescriptions are dispensed only as needed for a 12-hour shift.
1. Develop an activity diagram for each use case related to entering new orders, creating case manifests, and fulfilling orders using Visio or its open source alternative software (at least three (3) total diagrams). Note: The graphically depicted solution may not exceed one (1) page per diagram.
2. Develop a system sequence diagram for each use case using Visio or its open source alternative software. Note: The graphically depicted solution may not exceed one (1) page per diagram.
3. Develop a state machine diagram for an order using Visio or its open source alternative software. Note: The graphically depicted solution may not exceed one (1) page per diagram.CIS510 – Assignments and Rubrics
6. Design a three-layer architecture using Visio or its open source alternative software for this new system. Note: The graphically depicted solution may not exceed one (1) page per diagram.The RPS system has users who process orders in the Reliable offices and users who place orders and monitor order information in the nursing homes.
1. Design two (2) separate menu hierarchies, one (1) for Reliable employees and one (1) for nursing home employees.
2. Write out the steps of the dialog between the user and the system for the use case Place new order for nursing home employees.
3. Review the input form you created for collecting orders from the nursing homes. Identify all of the input controls necessary to ensure the prescriptions are correct. Recommend other procedures or controls to ensure that there are no mistakes with prescriptions.
4. Create a work breakdown structure of your proposed plan. Write a memo to the senior executive team at RPS that includes a summary of the created system and three (3) recommendations for future changes / improvements to the system.

 

Biopsychology: Draft of Research Investigation
This week you will complete a draft of your research paper. The draft should include all the critical elements of the final paper. Please review the Milestone Three Rubric before completing the draft to be sure that you have included all the elements and cited the required number of sources. Reach out to your instructor if you are unsure of what to include, and be sure to incorporate earlier feedback on your topic into the draft.
Overview: For this milestone, due in Module Five, you will submit a draft of your final paper. Your instructor will give you feedback on your paper to help you improve it for the final version. Do the best possible job on your draft; the more closely it meets the final requirements, t he less editing you will have to do on the final version, which is due in Module Seven. Your draft should incorporate the instructor feedback gained thus far in the course. It will also be important for you to apply the feedback you receive from this draft to your final submission. The final project is meant for you to propose a hypothetical study. You are not and should not be conducting human subjects research for this project. It is not necessary for the purposes of this assignment. All human subjects research requires written approval from the SNHU COCE Institutional Review Board in order to protect the welfare and ensure ethical treatment of the subjects.Prompt: You may use material from your Topic Proposal and Literature Review Worksheet and discussion posts, as these assignments were based directly on the final paper requirements. Their purpose was to help you gather material to use in the final paper. The research investigation paper requires seven references to meet the literature review requirements in the rubric. You may use references from the milestones or substitute other appropriate references, as long as you use a total of seven. Follow the rubric requirements very closely, since your grade is based on how well your draft meets the requirements in each of the rubric categories.Be sure to use the Final Project Paper Template as a guide to ensure you meet all of the requirements. The template is formatted in APA style, which you must use in your final submission.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:I.  Literature Review: In this part of the assessment you will analyze existing research to determine how the field of biopsychology has changed over time, how researchers have designed research to study of the biological processes that influence human behavior, and how issues of ethics have been addressed historically in the field.A.  Summarize the claims made by the authors of the existing research in the field regarding how the basic functions of the brain and nervous system influence human behavior. In other words, what conclusions have the authors of the research reached about how the brain and the nervous system influence human behavior? For example, what claims do the authors make about the influence of neurotransmitters on human behavior? What claims are made about the influence of major components of the brain on human behavior, such as the hippocampus or the amygdala?B.  Explain how advancements in technology have influenced research on human behavior. In other words, how has the development of new technologies in biopsychology changed the approach to studying biological influences on human behavior?C.  Explain how the view of the influence of biological processes on human behavior has evolved over the history of biopsychology. Be sure to support your analysis with examples from research to support your claim.D.  Explain the conclusions you can reach about research in biopsychology. In other words, explain what we know about the biological influences on human behavior, based on your review of the existing research in the field. Be sure to support your analysis with examples from research tosupport your claim. E.  Describe the specific research designs used in the existing research in the field to address research questions. For example, what were the specific methods used to address their research question? What type of research design was used?F.  Explain how research designs were used by authors to conduct research in biopsychology. In other words, how did the research designs used by researchers help in conducting research regarding biopsychology?G.  Discuss how issues of ethics have been addressed in the existing research in the field. For example, how did the authors inform the participants of what the experiment would entail? How did the authors account for any potential risks to participants associated with the study?H.  Discuss how issues of ethics in biopsychology have been viewed historically. In other words, how have issues of ethics in the field been viewed over time? Has this view changed as the field has progressed? Be sure to support your response with examples from research to support your claims. II.  Research Design: In this part of the assessment, use your previous analysis of the existing research in the field to develop your research design. You will identify a gap in the research you have reviewed, explain how the research supports further exploration of that aspect of biopsychology, and develop a research question addressing the gap. You will then determine an appropriate research design and explain how it could be implemented and how you will account for issues of ethics in your proposed research question.A.  Identify a gap in biopsychology research that is unexplored or underdeveloped. For example, is there an unexplored aspect of the biological influences on human behavior that you believe could be further explored? B.  Develop a basic research question addressing the identified gap. In other words, create a question that you could answer in potential research further investigating your identified gap. Be sure to support your developed research question with examples from research to support your claims.C.  Determine an appropriate research design that addresses your research question regarding biopsychology and explain why it was chosen. Be sure to support your response with examples from your analysis and the existing research in the field that supports the determined research design.D.  Explain how you will account for issues of ethics associated with your proposed research. In other words, how will you ensure that issues of ethics associated with your proposed research have been managed appropriately? Be sure to support your analysis with examples from research to support your claims.E.  Explain how your approach to accounting for issues of ethics was informed by your review of the existing research in the field. In other words, what did you learn from the existing research in the field in terms of how to address issues of ethics that you were able to incorporate in your own design?Guidelines for Submission: Your research investigation draft should be at least 4 pages, double spaced, with 12-point Times New Roman font and APA formatting. (Note: Your final submission, due in Module Seven, should be 4–6 pages