Political Science, political science homework help

Over the past many years, there has been ongoing debate raging in Washington, D.C. regarding the U.S. federal budget. As the U.S. deficit increases, some argue that cutting government spending should be a key priority of our lawmakers. Others favor more gradual decreases, such as raising taxes or implementing a proposed freeze on discretionary spending. Either way, as an economic adviser to the President, you have been tasked with presenting a proposal that addresses how to fix a current budget gap of $300 billion dollars in an effort to appease both sides of this debate.

• Using the budget below, decide what options you will suggest cutting or implementing for your presentation to the president. Remember that these actions must cover a budget gap of $300 billion.  
• Please keep in mind that these changes could seriously affect citizens’ daily lives. Also keep in mind people may be so angered by the changes that they will take action to prevent the president’s reelection, thus putting you out of a job.

DOMESTIC PROGRAMS AND FOREIGN AIDCut foreign aid in half $17 billionEliminate farm subsidies:

Opponents believe subsidies help large businesses at the expense of small farms. Supporters believe subsidies protect American agriculture.

 $14 billionCut pay of civilian federal workers by 5 percent $14 billionReduce the federal workforce by 10%: 

This would eliminate approximately 200,000 federal jobs.

 $12 billionOther cuts to the federal government: This includes reduced funds for the Smithsonian and the National Park Service, and closing the Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools. $30 billionCut aid to states by 5%: This pressure states to cut funding for schools, police, and other services. $29 billionMILITARYReduce nuclear arsenal and space spending: This would cut the number of nuclear warheads and end the “Star Wars” missile defense program. $19 billionReduce military to pre–Iraq War size and further reduce troops in Asia and Europe $25 billionCancel or delay some weapons programs: This would cancel some expensive purchases identified by the Sustainable Defense Task Force as possible cuts. $19 billionHEALTHCAREEnact medical malpractice reform: This option would begin to reduce the chances of large malpractice verdicts, which supporters believe would also check rising medical costs. Opponents say it could reduce doctors’ incentives to avoid errors. $ 8 billionIncrease the Medicare eligibility age to 68 $ 8 billionRaise the Social Security retirement age to 68: This would rise from the currently planned 67, encouraging people to work longer. $ 13 billionEXISTING TAXESReturn the estate tax to Clinton-era levels: Those passing on an estate worth more than $1 million to their heirs would have portions of those estates taxed. $ 50 billionEnd Bush tax cuts for income above $250,000 a year $ 54 billionEnd Bush tax cuts for income below $250,000 a year $ 172 billionPayroll tax increase for high earners: Those making over the current ceiling of $106,000 would have to contribute more to Social Security and Medicare. $ 50 billionNEW TAXESMillionaire’s tax on income above $1 million $ 50 billionNational sales tax: This would add a tax of 5 cents on every dollar for most purchases. $ 41 billionCarbon tax: This option would tax carbon emissions, which scientists believe contribute to global warming. $ 40 billionBank tax: This would tax banks based on their sizes and the amount of risk they take. $ 73 billionTotal gap covered by your budget plan $_________________

• When you have reached your target, save your results—you will need to refer back to them