4-I agree with you that Sampling theory was developed to determine the most effective way of acquiring a sample that accurately reflects the population under study. A sample is the selected group of people or elements in a study. The sample selected should represent an identified population or a particular group of individuals or elements that is the focus of the research. And  to add that Sampling theory is also  the study of the relationship that exist between a target population and the samples that are drawn from the population and this only applies to samples that are drawn randomly.  The main concepts of the sampling theory are the target population, representative samples and sampling plans or methods.

Target population is also known as research universe.  The subject of investigation is the whole statistical data.  A sampling plan normally states methods that are to be used to collect random samples from the population in such a way that there is very minimal to zero biasness.  The methods can use random probability sampling techniques.

The following steps are normally involved when developing a sampling plan, they are as follows,

Identification of parameters to be measured.

Designing intervals of measurement.

Selection of sample sizes

Establishment of data storage formats

Assigning roles and responsible to the research teams.

Generalizability is the process of extrapolating the research findings of a sample population to the general population.  The reason behind it, that the sample population that was selected represented the entire population. As such the research could extrapolate the findings and make a conclusion that represents the entire population.

References:

Chambers, R, Chambers R, L & Skinner, C(2003), Analysis of Survey Data. Retrieved from https://www.powells.com/books/analysis.

Korn, E & Graubard, B. (1999) Analysis of Health Surveys. Retrieved from online library .wiley.com.

 

5-‘In theoretical sampling the sample is ‘not selected from the population based on certain variables prior to the study, rather the initial sample is determined to examine the phenomena where it is found to exist. Then, data collection is guided by a sampling strategy called theoretical sampling. This implies that the researcher starts the study with a sample where the phenomenon occurs and then the next stage of data collection is when theoretical sampling begins. Theoretical sampling is the process of data collection whereby the researcher simultaneously collects, codes and analyses the data to decide what data to collect next. Deciding where to sample next according to emerging codes and categories is theoretical sampling” (Coyne, 1997)

An example might include a group of Caucasian men, ages 60-70, diagnosis of heart failure. The study could include the effects of following a sodium and fluid restriction diet and the impact on the men’s health.

“Generalizability is a measure of how useful the results of a study are for a broader group of people or situations. If the results of a study are broadly applicable to many different types of people or situations, the study is said to have good generalizability. If the results can only be applied to a very narrow population or in a very specific situation, the results have poor generalizability” (Hydrocephalus, n.d)

Coyne, I. (1997). Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear

boundaries? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623-630. Retrieved 9 13, 2018, from

http://corcom300-

s12-lay.wikispaces.umb.edu/file/view/article_sampling_qualitative.pdf

Hydrocephalus Association, n.d. Research 101:  Generalizability. Retrieved 9 13, 2018, from

 

6-I agree with you that Sampling is choosing a determinate variable within a research study.  There are many steps in the process of choosing a sample.” Sampling theory was developed to determine the most effective way of acquiring a sample that accurately reflects the population under study. And  to add that Sampling also entails studying a chosen group of people who represents a larger population.  Sampling theory describes two sampling domains: probability sampling and non-probability sampling.   In probability sampling findings can be generalized to the given population while in non-probability sampling, findings can only be generalized to the place the study was done. (Summers, 1991)

Probability sampling methods are systemic sampling, random sampling and cluster sampling while non-probability sampling methods involves theoretical sampling, purposeful sampling, network sampling and convenience sampling. (Thompson,1999)

The textbook defines generalizability as the extendibility “of the implication of the findings from the samples or situation that was studied to a larger population or situation.” (Grove et al. 2015).  In my opinion, findings from a health-related research study should only be generated if it is performed among many people and is proven to be accurate multiple times.

References:

Grove, S, Gray, J & Burns, N.( 2015) Understanding Nursing Research, 6th edition.

Summers, S(1991) Selecting a sample from a research study. Post Anesthesia Nurse. Retrieved from http://ebn.bmj.com.

Thompson, C(1999) .If you could just provide me with a sample: examining sampling in qualitative and quantitative research papers. Retrieved from http://ebn.bmj.com.

• How does workflow analysis help practicing nurses?Wanting to surface as many good ideas as possible, your organization has invited all employees to submit capital budget proposals that would help the organization respond to industry trends and achieve its mission and strategic goals. Employees who submit a proposal that is accepted for implementation will receive a $2,500 bonus.

  Review the website and financial statements from your organization (the organization you have selected for your final project—Venice Family Clinic  – https://venicefamilyclinic.org/) Identify a capital budget item that you will use as the basis of your capital budget proposal. Note that while you will submit a single proposal, your proposal might include multiple items. For example, you might propose that the organization acquire a new piece of equipment. Implementation of that item (the equipment) might require additional items such as software, spare parts, etc.

  For Further Instructions on this assignment, please see the 4-2 Capital Budget Items Guidelines and Rubric.

  Please also look at Final Project Milestone 1 attached for guidance as its part 1 of this project.

Conduct additional research on trends happening in managed care today. The following websites are a great place to start:

• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
• Kaiser Family Foundation (Search for the series on health care marketplace trends.)

You can also visit the following videos related to managed care trends:

Managed Care contracting and Payer Scorecards

Monitoring Performance: A Dashboard of Medi-Cal Managed Care

After conducting your research, construct a 3-page report in APA format of your findings. At a minimum, your report should

1. Identify at least two trends that you feel have a great impact on managed health care today.
2. Discuss the effect these trends have on managed care.
3. Explain how these trends will continue to influence managed care in the future.
4. Evaluate the potential impact on government and state sponsored, Medicare and Medicaid programs.
5. Analyze and provide at least two reasons why implementing Medicaid managed care is so complex.