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The Pathophysiology of Disorders

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Application: The Pathophysiology of Disorders

During the last 5 weeks, you have explored various body systems: neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematological. These four systems work together along with other body systems to complete a myriad of functions. For this reason, when disorders occur within one body system, it can create potentially devastating effects throughout the entire body. For instance, Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, yet its alterations actually affect multiple body systems from the cardiovascular system to the gastrointestinal system. In this Assignment, you examine alterations associated with disorders, as well as the impact of the alterations on multiple body systems.

To prepare:

  • From the list below, select a disorder of interest to you:
    • Alzheimer’s disease
    • Asthma in children
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • Congestive heart failure
    • Hepatic disease (liver disease)
    • Hypertension
    • Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
    • Seizures
    • Sepsis
  • Identify alterations associated with your selected disorder. Consider the pathophysiology of the alterations. Think about how these alterations produce pathophysiological changes in at least two body systems.
  • Reflect on how patient factors such as genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.
  • Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of your selected disorder.

To complete:

Develop a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:

  • Describe your selected disorder, as well as associated alterations. Explain the pathophysiology of the alterations, including changes that occur in at least two body systems.
  • Explain how genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.
  • Construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology of alterations, risk factors, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.

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inductive versus deductive reasoning

I need 120 words for each question without any plagiarism and individual reference for each.

Unit 2

Q1

Define the process of theory building. Discuss the differences in approach based on inductive versus deductive reasoning. Describe how you would build and test theory in your practice area.

Q2

Select a nursing model or theory described in your textbook. What are the key concepts and components of the example you selected, and how are they defined? Create an example describing the application to an area of nursing practice.

Unit 3

Q1

Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and discuss potential applications in your specific area of nursing practice.

Q2

Conduct a literature search in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) using the terms middle range theory, mid-range theory, and nursing. Select one of the articles where the development of the middle range theory is the major focus of the paper. Share the article citation and describe how the theory was developed.

Unit 4

Q1

Describe a recent or current ethical issue you have faced in nursing practice or which has attained national attention. Discuss the application of ethical theories or principles to the issue. Support the application with sound reasoning.

Q2

Consider yourself in a role in which you are accountable for allocation of scarce health care resources for a given situation. Discuss how ethical principles, virtues, and values affect your decision making. Describe your process for ethical decision making. How might a resolution cause conflicts between personal values and beliefs and the perspective of the community or organization?

Unit 5

Q1

Learning theories have implications for advanced practice nurses outside the classroom. Share an example describing the application of learning theory or theories to develop a program targeting change to a specific organizational issue, patient lifestyle, or specific unhealthy behaviors.

Q2

Health behavior change theories suggest behavior change as a “process,” not an “event.” How can you put this into action for developing an intervention for practice or research? Discuss how you would apply this in planning your DNP project.

Unit 6

Q1

Discuss “Envisioning Recovery” as an overarching framework for practice development and focus for all health care treatment.

Q2

How can the knowledge of economic theory be utilized by advanced practice nurses? How can economic theory be applied in analysis of interventions?

Unit 7

Q1

How can the DNP-prepared nurse apply the concepts of a complex adaptive system to individual patient care? Provide examples.

Q2

Research change theories in scholarly literature and on the Internet. Develop a scenario and describe application of a change theory from the perspective of an advanced practice nurse leader.

Unit 8

Q1

Which science-based theories do you think are the most useful to advanced practice nurses, and why?

Q2

Explore various science-based theories. Select two theories to describe to your peers. How is each of these theories relevant to application for a DNP-prepared nurse.

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A SWOT analysis

A SWOT analysis can help to identify internal and external factors that can help or hinder organization or program success. A SWOT analysis organizes the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of an organization or program. The identification of weaknesses and threats indicates factors that have a negative impact to the organization or program and need to be addressed. Strengths and opportunities are factors that have a positive impact on the organization or program and should be maintained.

For this assignment, you will complete a SWOT analysis for your practicum site/organization or program using the “SWOT Analysis” template provided{Practicum site is an hospital serving multi-ethic community}

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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management of diabetes

identify a research or evidence-based article published within the last 5 years that focuses comprehensively on a specific intervention or new treatment tool for the management of diabetes in adults or children. The article must be relevant to nursing practice.

Create a 10-15 slide PowerPoint presentation on the study’s findings and how they can be used by nurses as an intervention. Include speaker notes for each slide and additional slides for the title page and references.

Include the following:

  1. Describe the intervention or treatment tool and the specific patient population used in the study.
  2. Summarize the main idea of the research findings for a specific patient population. The research presented must include clinical findings that are current, thorough, and relevant to diabetes and nursing practice.
  3. Provide a descriptive and reflective discussion of how the new tool or intervention can be integrated into nursing practice. Provide evidence to support your discussion.
  4. Explain why psychological, cultural, and spiritual aspects are important to consider for a patient who has been diagnosed with diabetes. Describe how support can be offered in these respective areas as part of a plan of care for the patient. Provide examples.

You are required to cite to a minimum of two sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

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Library Guide,

Requirements:

  1. This paper will be graded on quality of information, use of citations, use of Standard English grammar, sentence structure, and organization based on the required components.
  2. Create this assignment using Microsoft (MS) Word, which is the required format for all Chamberlain documents. You can tell that the document is saved as a MS Word document because it will end in “.docx.”
  3. Submit to the appropriate assignment area by 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday of the week due. Any questions about this paper may be discussed in the weekly Q & A Discussion topic.
  4. The length of the paper is to be no greater than three pages, excluding title page and reference page.
  5. NOTE: You have the option of verbally presenting the content of your paper and uploading/sending the video to your instructor and posting it in the designated Week 8 threaded discussion. For the video option, you must still include a written introduction and conclusion, title page and reference list, per APA.
  6. APA format (6th edition) is required in this assignment, including a title page and reference page. Use APA level 1 headings for the organizational structure of this assignment. Remember that the introduction does not carry a heading that labels it as a level heading in APA format. The first part of your paper is assumed to be the introduction. See APA manual for details. See resource under the course Library Guide, “Guidelines for Writing Professional Papers.” Use the suggested format and headings to organize your assignment.
    1. Include introduction (do not label as a heading in APA format)
    2. New Nursing Care Delivery Model and Patient Safety Goals
    3. Key Concepts
    4. Supporting Evidence
    5. Conclusion

 

Preparing the paper

As the nurse executive of your organization, you must reexamine your current nursing care delivery model (your current model is total-patient-care) and propose a new model to reduce costs and improve the quality of healthcare for your organization. Your staffing budget will remain fixed next year, and you had a recent visit by The Joint Commission which revealed some patient safety goal issues, which you must address. You are considering switching from a total-patient-care delivery model to a new patient care delivery model.

  1. Clearly introduce your quality of healthcare assignment in the introduction paragraph. Include a sentence that states the purpose of your assignment.
  2. Clearly identify and articulate a new nursing care delivery model to increase the economic (reduce costs) and quality outcomes for your organization. Discuss at least two patient safety goals to focus on, that you feel are needed, for your organization.
  3. Clearly articulate how the key concepts of your new nursing care delivery model will reduce costs and improve the quality of healthcare in the organization you have chosen. Discuss how these key concepts relate to the contextual domain of the person-centred nursing leadership framework by McCormack and McCance (2017).
  4. Include a minimum of three sources of scholarly, empirical evidence to support the nursing care delivery model to be implemented.
  5. Provide concluding statements that should summarize your overall assignment content.
  6. The paper will be three pages maximum, excluding title and reference page(s).

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Module 6 DQ 1 and DQ 2

Module 6 DQ 1 and DQ 2

Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language

Each post should average 150-250 words

  • Please remember that      sources like the CDC or WHO are great places to get information from, but they are not considered scholarly sources. Scholarly sources are peer-reviewed and written by experts in the field.
    • You can certainly  continue to use them as references
  • Please avoid very lengthy paragraphs because it causes      several ideas to be clumped together as one and that is not very clear to      understand. Instead, your paragraphs      should be about 5-7 sentences long with transition statements to guide the      reader into the next though.
  • Unless otherwise      specified, when asked to give examples it is best to give 2 or 3 strong examples with strong      supporting evidence backed by your literature review, as opposed to 6 or 7      examples loosely stated.
  • Citation – Remember      to cite content that is not your      original idea, and that is      not common knowledge.
    • If you state that       “The use of healthcare continues to rise because of technology,       access to care and population increase” — this needs to be cited. We as healthcare professionals       may understand this, but others may       not necessarily know this information. They need to know this was       obtained from a source and not just your thought.
    • If you make       inferences or draw conclusions you may state – “some factors that       must be considered include       technology, increased population and technological advances” – this       is not a definitive statement. This       shows that you have considered several factors involved and you can then       use your references to further elaborate on each factor.

Each post should include appropriate foundation knowledge, be factual, and enhance the ongoing dialogue. Each post should demonstrate either the application and/or reflection of knowledge. Your responses should expand on a classmate’s comments or advance the dialogue through follow-up questions Your responses should be open-ended to encourage continuing the conversation. Very few grammatical/spelling errors

These are two discussion questions

DQ1 and DQ2 posts must be at least 150 words and have at least one reference cited for each question. In-text citation, please

Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language

Sources need to be journal/scholarly articles. 

Use only articles that are published between 2015-2018 (except for your theory articles which will be older as you must cite primary sources).

No textbook or direct quotes

Please separate the two DQ with their reference page

My project is CLABSI prevention

DQ 1

The DNP degree empowers nurses to create programs for improving quality outcomes. What barriers need to be alleviated to increase the APN role in health care change?

DQ 2

Patient-centered care has been shown to increase positive patient outcomes. Provide an example of how collaboration within the health care team has enhanced patient outcomes in your practice.

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Assessment of Pain;Skin,hair and nails.

Assessment of Pain;Skin,hair and nails.

  • Define pain
  • Differentiate between acute pain and chronic pain.
  • Why do people have individualized responses to pain?

a.     Outline the steps involved in investigating pain as a present problem.

b.     List cultural considerations when taking a history and performing a physical examination related to pain.

  • Which personal and social history factors should be explored in a patient in pain?
  • When a patient complains of pain, how should it be assessed?
  • Describe how to determine cuff size in an adult patient.
  • Pain is known as which vital sign?
  • Why is it difficult to assess pain in older adults?

Mr.  Hannigan is a 48-year-old man who presents to the emergency department  with a complaint of headache that has not been relieved in 3 days. He  now complains of visual disturbance and an inability to concentrate.

1. Describe the key indications when taking the blood pressure.

2. Describe the correct cuff size for a patient.

3. What signs and symptoms beside an elevated blood pressure would you expect the patient to exhibit?

Which  structure and its physiologic properties protect against microbial and  foreign substance invasion and minor physical trauma?

How is hair formed, and what are its components?

Which type of cells are nails, and into what will these cells convert?

Contrast differences between basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.

Describe the expected clinical manifestations of each condition. :

Primary lesions

a.             Macule

b.             Papule

c.             Nevi

d.             Patch

e.             Plaque

f.              Wheal

g.             Nodule

h.             Tumor

i.              Vesicle

j.              Bulla

k.             Pustule

l.              Cyst

m.            Vitiligo

n.             Rhinophyma

o.             Genital herpes

Secondary lesions

a.             Scale

b.             Lichenification

c.             Keloid

d.             Scar

e.             Excoriation

f.              Fissure

g.             Erosion

h.             Ulcer

i.              Crust

j.              Atrophy

JK  is a 44-year-old white woman with a 2-year history of psoriasis. Her  family history includes her father with allergies and asthma and her  mother with psoriasis. JK returns today for an increase in symptoms, and  she wants to improve the appearance of her skin.

1. What is the underlying cause of psoriasis?

2. What are the common signs and symptoms of this disease?

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Egyptian Heritage.

People of Egyptian Heritage.

People of Filipino Heritage.

Read chapter 13 and 28 of the class textbook.  Read content chapter 28 in Davis Plus Online Website and review the attached Power Point Presentations.  Once done answer the following questions;

1.  Discuss the evolution of the Egyptian and Filipino culture and mention any similarity with the occidental cultures.

2.  Mention if there is any similarity in the beliefs of the Egyptian and Filipino heritage/culture regarding regarding health and illnesses.

3.  Discuss any topic that call your attention regarding any of these two cultures.

As always present your assignment in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the discussion tab board title “Week 6 discussion questions”.  A minimum of 2 evidence based references besides the class textbook are required.  You must posted two replies to any of your peers posting sustained with the proper references.  A minimum of 500 excluding the first and references page are required.

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history of stable angina and hypertension

John is a 76-year-old man with a long history of stable angina and hypertension. He is prescribed nitroglycerin tablets as needed for chest pain and lisinopril for his hypertension. John has noticed that his chest pain is occurring with increasing frequency and less activity is required to initiate the symptoms; however, the pain subsides quickly with rest and one or two nitroglycerin tablets.

John is awakened from sleep with chest pain and shortness of breath. The pain is much more severe than his usual anginal pain and radiates to the jaw and the left arm. He experienced some nausea and became diaphoretic and pale. Upon admission to the local emergency department, he was noted to have significant ST-segment elevation on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).

Discussion Questions:

1. What diagnosis is consistent with John’s history and physical exam?

2. Please differentiate between a STEMI and Non-STEMI.

3. What are the pathophysiological findings specifying an MI?

4.What are the differences between angina, silent ischemia, and myocardial ischemia?

5.Provide a description of the three factors associated with Sudden Cardiac Death.

6.What are the possible complications post-MI might the NP be aware of when caring for John?

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Patient Information

I need a response to this assignment

1 page

zero plagiarism

three references

Patient Information: CC : A 46-year-old female reports pain in both of her ankles, but she is more concerned about her right ankle. She was playing soccer over the weekend and heard a “pop.” She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable. In determining the cause of the ankle pain, based on your knowledge of anatomy, what foot structures are likely involved? What other symptoms need to be explored? What are your differential diagnoses for ankle pain? What physical examination will you perform? What special maneuvers will you perform? Should you apply the Ottowa ankle rules to determine if you need additional testing?

Initials, N/A Age, 46 Sex, Female Race, not indicated

CC: Bilateral Ankle pain

HPI: Pt c/o bilateral ankle pain, worse on R s/p hearing a “pop” while playing soccer this past weekend. Pt is able to bear weight, with some discomfort and was more concern about her R ankle.

Location: Bilateral ankle

Onset: Over the weekend

Character: Bilateral ankle pain, worse on the right. She was playing soccer over the weekend and heard a “pop.”

Associated signs and symptoms: She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable

Timing: over the weekend and heard a “pop. “while playing soccer

Exacerbating/ relieving factors: She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable

Severity: She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable

Current Medications: Not indicated

Allergies: None indicated

PMHx: None indicated

Soc Hx: played Soccer over the weekend

Fam Hx: None Indicated.

GENERAL:  No weight loss, fever, chills, weakness or fatigue indicated

HEENT:  Eyes: PERRLA, no visual impairment blurred vision, double vision or yellow sclerae indicated. Ears, Nose, Throat:  No hearing loss, sneezing, congestion, runny nose or sore throat indicated

SKIN:  No rash or itching nor discoloration indicated

CARDIOVASCULAR:  No chest pain, chest pressure or SOB. No palpitations or edema indicated

RESPIRATORY:  No shortness of breath, cough or difficulty breathing indicated

GASTROINTESTINAL:  No anorexia, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. No abdominal pain or blood indicated

GENITOURINARY:  No Burning on urination. No indication of Pregnancy. Last menstrual period not indicated.

NEUROLOGICAL:  No headache, dizziness, syncope, paralysis, ataxia, numbness or tingling in the extremities. No change in bowel or bladder control indicated

MUSCULOSKELETAL:  bilateral ankle pain, worse on R. Positive pulses on both dorsalis and pedis bilaterally. Right ankle with 1+edema, erythema; and tenderness on palpation noted. No edema or erythema noted on the left ankle.

HEMATOLOGIC:  No anemia, bleeding or bruising indicated

LYMPHATICS:  No enlarged nodes. No history of splenectomy.

PSYCHIATRIC:  None indicated

ENDOCRINOLOGIC:  No reported

ALLERGIES:  NkDA

Peripheral Vascular: Right ankle with 1+edema, erythema; and tenderness on palpation noted. No edema or erythema noted on the left ankle Positive pulses on both dorsalis and pedis bilaterally.

Assessment:

Additional questions

More needed questions may include

Point exactly where your pain is?

What’s your pain scale on 0-10, o no pain and 10 being the worst?

Have you taken anything for the pain?

What makes it better or worse?

Diagnostic results: This will include X-Ray, Ct scan and MRI According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon, and Stewart (2015) an x-ray of the ankle should be done when pain is present in the malleolar area with one of the following locations: Bony tenderness to the distal 6cm of the posterior edge or tip of the lateral malleolus, bony tenderness on the distal 6cm of the posterior edge or tip of the medial malleolus, or the inability for the patient to be weight bearing.  According to Ball, Dains, Baumann, & Scheibel 2016, Ottawa Ankle Rules are used to identify the need for diagnostic testing in the patient with ankle pain.  This tool determines that if a patient has ankle pain the malleolar area of the ankle in addition to bone tenderness near the posterior fibula, bone tenderness near the posterior tibia, or the inability to bear weight for four steps, he or she should be sent for an ankle radiography series. Also, Ottawa have 98.5%sensitivity level in identifying fracture.

Differential Diagnoses

1.  Ankle Sprain is an injury that occurs to one or more of the ligaments in the ankle that produces symptoms like pain, swelling, bruising, soreness, joint stiffness, and difficulty walking Sports injuries are very common when running, landing a jump, or any direct contact that can create pain, swelling, and even an audible tearing or popping, yet ecchymosis can be delayed by a few days (American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society, 2015).

  1. Achilles tendon injury: Occurs from a sudden snap in the lower calf with the inability to stand on the toes of the affected side (Saglimbeni, 2016).
  2. Post-exercise muscle soreness: Appears as a discomfort or pain to the distal portion of skeletal muscles after physical activity that one is not used to, as well as decreased strength and flexibility (Kedlaya, 2016).
  3. Achilles tendon injury presents through a sudden snap in the lower calf with the inability to stand on the toes of the affected side (Saglimbeni, 2016).

5.  Ankle Fracture: Stress fractures in the foot are most often seen in the calcaneus, navicular, and metatarsal bones, and less often in the cuboid bone.  An ankle fracture usually manifest with swelling, bruising, and an inability to bear weight (Unnithan & Thomas, 2018).

References

American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society. (2015, June). Ankle Sprain. Retrieved from http://www.aofas.org/PRC/conditions/Pages/Conditions/Ankle-Sprain.aspx

American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. (2018). Ankle Sprain. Retrieved from https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ankle-sprain

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s

guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Kedlaya, D. (2016). Post-Exercise Muscle Soreness. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/313267-overview#a4

Kelly, J. (2015). Ankle Fracture in Sports Medicine. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/85224-clinical#b4

Luke, A. (2011). Ankle Physical Examination. Orthopedic Trauma Institute. Retrieved from http://orthosurg.ucsf.edu/oti/patient-care/divisions/sports-medicine/physical-examination-info/ankle-physical-examination/

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