ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER – nursing assignment tutor

Biopsychosocial Mode
DSM-V CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
• Advantages – provides a common basis for
communication – helps clinicians make predictions – naming the disorder can provide
comfort • Disadvantages
– stigma (shame, negative reputation) – medical terminology implies internal
cause – focus on weaknesses, ignores strengths
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Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
– over-diagnosed Diagnoses skyrocketed by 2000% from 1988 to 2010.
– traditionally considered a childhood disorder
– 2/3rds persist to adulthood
ANXIETY-RELATED DISORDERS
uncontrollable fears that are disproportionate and disruptive
• generalized anxiety disorder • panic disorder • specific phobia • social anxiety disorder Anxiety-related, but not DSM-5 anxiety disorders:
– obsessive-compulsive disorder – post-traumatic stress disorder
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15-7
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
• Diagnosis and Symptoms – persistent anxiety for at least 6 months – inability to specify reasons for the anxiety
• Etiology – biological factors
– genetic predisposition, GABA deficiency, respiration
– psychological and sociocultural factors
The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.
– harsh self-standards, critical parents, negative thoughts, trauma
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PANIC DISORDER
• Diagnosis and Symptoms – recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror that often occur
without warning
• Etiology – biological factors: genetic predisposition – psychological factors: conditioning to
CO2 – sociocultural factors: gender differences
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SPECIFIC PHOBIA
• Diagnosis and Symptoms – an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular
object or situation (e.g., spider phobia)
• Etiology – psychological factors: learned – biological factors: genetic disposition
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EXAMPLES OF PHOBIC DISORDERS
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SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
• Diagnosis and Symptoms – intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social
situations • Etiology
– biological factors: • genetic disposition • neural circuitry • serotonin
– psychological factors: • over-protective / rejecting parenting • social experiences
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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
• Diagnosis and Symptoms – persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts and/or urges to perform
repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce a situation
• Etiology – biological factors:
• genetic predisposition • neurotransmitters
– psychological factors: avoidance learning
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15-13
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Diagnosis and Symptoms Symptoms develop as a result of exposure to a traumatic event, oppressive situation, natural or unnatural disasters
• Flashbacks • avoidance of emotional experiences • anxiety, excessive arousal • difficulties with memory
and concentration • impulsive outbursts
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MOOD-RELATED DISORDERS
disturbance of mood that affects entire emotional state
• Symptoms may include – cognitive, behavioral, or physical symptoms – interpersonal difficulties
• Types – major depressive disorder
• Mood-related but not DSM-5 mood disorder: – bipolar disorder
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MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD)
Diagnosis and Symptoms
– significant depressive episode that lasts for at least two weeks
– daily functioning is impaired – symptoms may include