Part 1:
Normative and non-normative life events impact older adults and their abilities to copein dealing with significant change in health or a loss of a spouse. One such event, the end of life, can be considered normative or non-normative depending on the circumstances. The end of life can present difficult issues for family members. It’s a matter of perspective. Some people view death as a natural part of life, but for others, it can be a very controversial issue. Each family member has his or her own view regarding how end-of-life issues should be dealt with, and sometimes society doesn’t agree with those views

Explain from a comparative standpoint how coping strategies may differ between older and younger adults. Research the coping strategies that older adults employ. How are these strategies used to deal with such stressors as the loss of a spouse or a significant change in health? Compare and contrast the coping strategies of older and younger adults.
Briefly describe the differences between hospice and death with dignity laws. Explain how these different perspectives on end-of-life issues might impact an end-of-life scenario. Consider the perspectives of the individual who is dying, as well as the various family members. Include the Kübler-Ross model in your explanation.

Justify your answers with appropriate reasoning and research from your text and course readings. Comment on the postings of at least two peers, and provide an analysis of each peer’s postings while also suggesting specific additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question response.
Part 2:
Comorbidity is the presence of two or more conditions or diseases that occur at the same time. For older adults, geriatric depression seems to be comorbid with other health conditions such as congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, alcohol abuse, and diabetes.  Another presenting issue is the onset of chronic disorders that cause dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease.  Dementia is cognitive and functional impairment that results from several different diseases and conditions.Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Although a relatively small number of cases of Alzheimer’s are diagnosed in individuals under the age of 60 (early-onset Alzheimer’s disease), late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (occurring in patients after age 60) is the more prevalent variety. The impact of Alzheimer’s disease, like the other chronic diseases that cause dementia, is significant not only for the individual but also for the family members as well.

Explain why the rate of depression may be higher in older adults, based on the presence of comorbid conditions. Research statistical information regarding geriatric depression and describe some of the more common treatment options.
Research the impact of Alzheimer’s disease on the family in regards to care-providing and socioeconomic costs. Explain how the family dynamics may change in relation to caring for a person with Alzheimer’s. Describe some of the psychological and emotional challenges a family member may face when caring for a person with Alzheimer’s disease.
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COPD
Discuss how the patient’s lifestyle and environment impacts the disease process.
Identify evidence-based pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions appropriate for the selected disease process. 

Include evidence-based treatment guidelines for the selected processes.
Analyze current evidence-based treatment modalities specific to the aging population and include evidence-based treatment guidelines for the selected processes.
Conduct an evidence-based literature search to identify the most recent standards of care/treatment modalities from peer reviewed articles and professional association guidelines (www.guideline.gov). These articles and guidelines can be referenced, but not directly copied into the clinical case presentation. Cite a minimum of three resources.
Include the following in your clinical case presentation:
A discussion of the pathophysiology of the disease, including signs and symptoms
An explanation of diagnostic testing and rationales for each
A review of different evidence-based treatment modalities for the disorder obtained from guideline.gov or a professional organization such as thyroid (American Thyroid Association), OB-GYN (ACOG), urology (AUA), etc.
Next, address the following questions:
How does the information in this case inform the practice of a master’s prepared nurse?
How should the master’s prepared nurse use this information to design a patient education session for someone with this condition?
What was the most important information presented in this case?
What was the most confusing or challenging information presented in this case?
Discuss a patient safety issue that can be addressed for a patient with the condition presented in this case.

Write a 700- to 900-word paper on the influence of entrepreneurship in health care. This is an opinion paper, so resources are not necessary; however, be sure to provide references if you use specific examples or resources in your essay.
Include the following in your paper:
The positive and negative ways that entrepreneurship has affected the health care field.An example of a recent health care business that you are familiar with that has changed the way health care staff perform their jobs or the way patients receive services.Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

PLEASE READ CONTENT CAREFULLY AND DO ALL PARTSMUST BE NEW AND ORIGINAL WORK NOT GIVEN TO OTHER STUDENTS. Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution of sources; and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Include citations in the text and references at the end of the document in APA format.PLEASE READ INSTRUCTION CAREFULLY. IN TEXT CITATION AND MUST CITE ALL REFERENCE IN APA FORMAT
Completed the highlighted section in the attachment (only one section) The post The Hawthorne Effect (only 1 section) first appeared on Nursing School Essays.

Quality Improvement Proposal
Identify a quality improvement opportunity in your organization or practice. In a 1,250-1,500 word paper, describe the problem or issue and propose a quality improvement initiative based on evidence-based practice. Apply “The Road to Evidence-Based Practice” process, illustrated in Chapter 4 of your textbook, to create your proposal.
Include the following:
Provide an overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs.
Explain why a quality improvement initiative is needed in this area and the expected outcome.
Discuss how the results of previous research demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative and its projected outcomes. Include a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5 years, not included in the course materials or textbook, that establish evidence in support of the quality improvement proposed.
Discuss steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative. Provide evidence and rationale to support your answer.
Explain how the quality improvement initiative will be evaluated to determine whether there was improvement.
Support your explanation by identifying the variables, hypothesis test, and statistical test that you would need to prove that the quality improvement initiative succeeded.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.
Quality Improvement Proposal
No of Criteria: 11 Achievement Levels: 5CriteriaAchievement LevelsDescriptionPercentage1: Unsatisfactory0.00 %2: Less Than Satisfactory65.00 %3: Satisfactory75.00 %4: Good85.00 %5: Excellent100.00 %Content70.0 Problem or Issue in Practice or Organization5.0Overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs is not described.Overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs is partially described. More information is needed to fully understand the problem and the scope of the organization or practice.Overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs is summarized. Some information is needed to fully understand the problem or the scope of the organization or practice.Overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs is described. Some detail is need for clarity.Overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs is described in detail.Significance of Quality Improvement in Practice or Organization10.0Explanation of why the quality improvement initiative is needed is omitted.Explanation of why the quality improvement initiative is needed is partially presented. More information is needed to understand why the quality improvement is relevant to the problem or setting. The expected outcome is unclear.Explanation of why the quality improvement initiative is needed is summarized. Some information is needed to understand why the quality improvement is relevant to the problem or setting. The expected outcome is generally presented.Explanation of why the quality improvement initiative is needed is discussed. It appears that the quality improvement initiative would help address the problem within the described setting. The expected outcome is described. Some information or rationale is needed for support or clarity.Explanation of why the quality improvement initiative is need is clearly discussed. The quality improvement initiative would help address the problem within the described setting presented. The expected outcome is thoroughly described. Overall, the explanation is clear and well supported.Demonstration of Support From Previous Research15.0The use of research to demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative and its projected outcomes is omitted. Three peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5 years are omitted.The use of research to demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative and its projected outcomes is incomplete. Overall, the research results do not demonstrate support for the initiative or projected outcomes. Fewer than three peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5 years were used.The use of research to demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative and its projected outcomes is generally presented. The research results generally demonstrate support for the initiative and projected outcomes. Three peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5 years were used.The use of research to demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative and its projected outcomes is presented. The research results demonstrate support for the initiative and projected outcomes. The three peer-reviewed sources meet all assignment criteria.The use of research to demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative and its projected outcomes is clearly presented. The research results strongly demonstrate support for the initiative and projected outcomes. The three peer-reviewed sources meet all assignment criteria and provide critical support for the initiative.Steps Necessary to Implement Quality Improvement Initiative15.0The steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative are omitted.The steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative are incomplete. It is unclear how the steps presented will lead to implementation. More information is needed.The steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative are summarized. Some steps are vague. More evidence or rationale is needed for support.The steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative are discussed. Some evidence or rationale is needed for support or clarity.The steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative are thoroughly discussed. The implantation steps are well supported with evidence and rationale.Evaluation of Quality Improvement15.0An explanation for how the quality improvement initiative will be measured is omitted.An explanation for how the quality improvement initiative will be measured is partially presented. It is unclear how the evaluation will measure improvement; or it is unclear how the evaluation relates to the quality improvement initiative.A general explanation for how the quality improvement initiative will be measured is summarized. The evaluation is generally appropriate to the quality improvement initiative.An explanation for how the quality improvement initiative will be measured is presented. The evaluation is appropriate to the quality improvement initiative.An explanation for how the quality improvement initiative will be measured is presented in detail. The evaluation is appropriate to the quality improvement initiative. Evaluation proposed is well supported.Identification of Variables, Hypothesis Test, and Statistical Test10.0The variables, hypothesis, and statistical tests needed to prove the quality improvement succeeded are omitted.The variables, hypothesis, and statistical tests needed to prove the quality improvement succeeded are partially presented; one is omitted. The proposed elements are not relevant to proving the quality improvement succeeded.The variables, hypothesis, and statistical tests needed to prove the quality improvement succeeded are summarized. There are inaccuracies.The variables, hypothesis, and statistical tests needed to prove the quality improvement succeeded are presented. Overall, the proposed elements are relevant to proving the quality improvement succeeded.The variables, hypothesis, and statistical tests needed to prove the quality improvement succeeded are presented and accurate. The proposed elements will prove whether the quality improvement succeeded.Organization and Effectiveness20.0 Thesis Development and Purpose7.0Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.Argument Logic and Construction8.0Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)5.0Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.Format10.0 Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)5.0Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.All format elements are correct.Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)5.0Sources are not documented.Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.Total Percentage 100