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Client Profile

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Client Profile

Ms. Champlin is a 52 – year old woman who was cooking New England clam cakes in a skillet filled with hot oil. While she was dropping the dough in the skillet, oil splattered onto the gas stove, catching on fire and filling the skillet with flames. In a panic, Ms. Champlin grabbed the handle of the burning skillet to remove it from the stove, spilling the hot oil all over her right arm and hand. The oil also splashed onto the right side of her face and neck and across her chest, burning her skin through her T-shirt. She is transported to the emergency department by emergency medical technician(EMTs).

Case Study

Upon arrival at the hospital, she is alert and oriented, without signs or symptoms of respiratory distress. She is screaming in pain. MS. Champlin’s vital signs are BP 130/60, Pulse 94, Respiratory rate 22, and Temperature 97°F (36.1°C). Her oxygen saturation is 99% on 2 Liters of oxygen. She has suffered superficial and superficial partial-thickness burns on her face, neck, and chest, and deep partial-thickness burns over her right arm and hand. The right side of her face and neck and her chest are red with several blisters noted. Her right arm and hand are swollen and have sloughing skin with a mottled appearance of cherry red, tan, and pale areas. The health care provider (HCP) does not observe any discoloration of soot around Ms. Champlin’s nose or mouth, singed nasal hair, or burned eyebrows. Acute care in the emergency department include oxygen, intravenous (IV) fluids, the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter, nasogastric tube attached to low wall suction and the administration of IV morphine sulfate and tetanus toxoid. Ms. Champlin is transferred to a burn unit for continued care.

Questions

1.  Describe each of the five types of burn injury and provide examples of each. Which type of burn has Ms. Champlin sustained?

2. Describe the appropriate first aid intervention the EMTs will initiate while en route to the hospital.

3. Using the “Rule of Nines” estimate the extent of the client’s burn injury.

4. Why did the HCP assess Ms. Champlin for discoloration around her nose and mouth singed nasal hair, and burned eyebrows? What other related manifestations should be assessed to determine if there is a need for concern?

5. In the emergency department, treatment of the client included the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter, insertion of nasogastric (NG) tube, and administration of tetanus toxoid. Provide a brief rationale for each of these interventions.

6. Briefly describe the skin depth and manifestation that define each degree of burn injury (first-, second-, third-, and fourth-degree). What degree(s) of burn injury does Ms. Champlin have?

7. Ms. Champlin cries to the nurse, “It seems as if my arm is getting bigger by the minute! Can’t you do something?” Help the nurse explain to the client what is causing the edema and the expected progression and resolution of the swelling.

8. Ms. Champlin weighs 180 lbs. Using the Parkland Formula below, estimate the IV fluid replacement needs of this client in the first 24 hours following her injury.

Parkland Formula: 2 to 4 ml of solution

x body weight (in kg)

x percent burn

9.  Help the nurse identify five priority nursing diagnosis for Ms. Champlin’s plan of care during the acute phase of her treatment.

10. The HCP is concerned that Ms. Champlin may develop a contracture of her right arm because of the burn injury over her right elbow. Discuss what a contracture is and why this client is at increas4d risk of developing one.

11. The HCP carting for Ms. Champlin tells her that I may become necessary to apply a skin graft to the deep partial-thickness area over her elbow to speed healing and minimize the risk for contracture. Skin grafts are obtained from various sources. Briefly explain these four types of grafts: autograft, allograft, heterograft, synthetic skin substitute graft. Is there any benefit(s) to selectin one type of graft over another? If so, explain.

12. Briefly discuss why environmental temperature control is an important intervention while caring for the client with a burn injury. At what temperature should the nurse maintain the client’s room?

13. Ms. Champlin has asked the nurses that no visitors be allowed in to see her. Briefly discuss Ms. Champlin’s psychological reaction to her burn. How should the nurse respond?

14. Ms. Champlin is being discharged. She will wear a custom molded hand and arm splint at home. Briefly describe the teaching points the nurse should address regarding limb assessment and proper use of the splint.

15. Ms. Champlin asks the nurse, “I have heard there is a cream you can apply to decrease scarring.” What types of cream might Ms. Champlin be referencing?

NUR6550 Final Exam

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NUR6550 Final Exam

1. The Valsalva maneuver and the squat-to-stand maneuver are likely to increase the sound of a cardiac murmur associated with which of these conditions?

2. Which of the following conditions may result in lower extremity edema?

Nephrotic syndrome

Decompensated congestive heart failure

Cirrhosis

Renal failure

Deep venous thrombosis

Late-stage pregnancy

All of the above

3. Art Bakke is a 46-year-old male who is being treated for an acute myocardial infarction. He has now developed significant dyspnea at rest and, per physical exam, has coarse rales involving the lower 2/3 of the lung fields bilaterally. You suspect acute pulmonary edema due to papillary-muscle rupture and acute mitral-valve regurgitation.

Question: Which of the following physical findings would support this diagnostic hypothesis?

A palpable diastolic murmur maximal in the second intercostal space (ICS) at the left sternal border

A harsh, rumbling, diastolic murmur heard maximally in the fourth ICS at the left sternal border

A holosystolic systolic murmur heard maximally in the fifth ICS at the midclavicular line

4. The most common ECG finding in a patient with a cardiomyopathy is an ST-elevation MI.

True

False

5. Nina Martinez is a 70-year-old female who experienced an episode of acute pulmonary edema following an endovascular aneurysm repair. She was discharged on furosemide 60 mg daily and instructed to follow up with cardiology. She is now seen in the office at 2 weeks post discharge. Her metabolic panel includes the following lab values:

·          Na 126 mEq/L

·          K 4.0 mEq/L

·          Cl 93 mEq/L

·          CO2 28 mEq/L

·          BUN 40 mg/dL

·          Cr 1.3 mg/dL

Question: This patient has which of the following abnormalities as a likely consequence of diuretic overuse?

Hyponatremia

Hypokalemia

Metabolic acidosis

6. Which of the following are primary cardiomyopathy categories, as described by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1995?

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Symbol Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Symbol Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Symbol Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Symbol Unclassified

All of the above

7. What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people?

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people?

Myocardial infarction

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Supraventricular tachycardia

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; aka arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

8. Which of the following are treatment options for a patient who presents with peripartum cardiomyopathy while still carrying the fetus? (Select all that apply.)

ACE inhibitors

Induction if stable

Emergent cesarean section if unstable

Digoxin

Nitroglycerin

9. What are the 3 major clinical complications related to cardiomyopathies?

Arrhythmias; including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation

Thromboembolic complications; including DVT, PE, and ventricular thrombi

Acute pulmonary edema

10. Some patients with primary cardiomyopathies remain asymptomatic throughout their lifetime.

True

False

11. A 38-year -old woman comes to the emergency department complaining of a rapid heartbeat, tremors, and chest tightness. She reports earlier in the day she was feeling a migraine starting so she took a pill given to her by her friend who also experiences migraines. Her medical history reveals that she is currently taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for depression. Which migraine medication did she most likely take?

Acetaminophen and caffeine (Excedrin ® Migraine)

Naproxen sodium (Aleve ® )

Almotriptan (Axert ® )

Butalbital, acetaminophen and caffeine (Fioricet ® )

12. You are seeing a 68-year-old woman for treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). She has well-controlled hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia and takes an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), statin, biguanide, and low-dose aspirin (ASA). She worked in a dry cleaning facility until approximately 8 years ago. During her evaluation, she mentions that she sometimes has difficulty understanding conversation, especially in noisy environments. This is likely a:

Drug-related reaction.

Consequence of occupational chemical exposure.

Early sign of dementia.

Normal age-related change in hearing

13. While evaluating a 33-year-old female with a 2-day history of dysuria, which of the following findings in urinalysis is most suggestive of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by a Gram-negative organism?

Nitrites

30 mg/dL protein

Epithelial cells

pH>8

14. All of the following are examples of primary prevention strategies except:

Counseling an elderly patient prior to discharge about fall risk at home and how to prevent falls through adequate illumination.

Performing a hemoglobin A1C for all patients admitted to the hospital.

Conducting a study to identify the leading cause of mortality in teenagers and how to reduce risk.

Immunizing all adults ?60 years with zoster vaccine.

15. A 23-year-old woman is being evaluated for an upper respiratory tract infection. As you prepare for auscultation, the patient states “I have a benign murmur that has been with me my whole life”. Anticipating a physiologic murmur, you would expect which of the following characteristics?

Usually obliterates S2.

Becomes softer when going from a supine to standing position.

Occurs late in systole.

Has localized area of auscultation

16. You see a 73-year-old woman with a 40 pack- year smoking history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) who presents with an ulcer on the sole of her left foot. The ulcer has an irregular edge and pale base and a punched out appearance, with the surrounding skin white and shiny. The patient states that the pain is worse at night in bed and when the legs are elevated. The most likely diagnosis is:

Pressure ulcer

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Venous ulcer

Arterial ulcer

17. You see a 76-year-old woman living at home who is accompanied by her home care provider. She has COPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An example of a secondary prevention strategy is:

Administering the seasonal influenza vaccine.

Screening for physical or financial abuse/Checking her blood glucose level.

Checking her blood pressure.

Adjusting her insulin dosing regimen.

18. A 43-year-old woman is being evaluated in the emergency department with a complaint of a severe headache. She describes a unilateral, pulsing headache that was preceded by a gradual onset of paresthesia affecting the ipsilateral face and arm. The patient stated she noticed a “funny smell” prior to the symptoms starting. This description is most typical of:

Migraine with aura.

Cluster headache.

Transient ischemic attack.

Tension-type headache.

19. You see a 54-year-old man living in subsidized housing with a history of hypertension. He states that he stopped taking his blood pressure medication about 4 months ago because of costs. He is concerned because his blood pressure is high whenever he checks it, though he does not report any symptoms. His BP at this visit is 196/104 mm Hg. Upon examination of this patient, you would expect to detect an S 4 sound heard during:

Early systole.

Late systole.

Early diastole.

Late diastole.

20. 32-year-old man requires evaluation for hepatitis infection prior to taking a job as a restaurant cook. He presents with the following laboratory results:

Hepatitis A Panel Hepatitis B Panel Hepatitis C Panel

Anti-HAV Negative HBsAg Negative Anti-HCV Positive

IgM Negative Anti-HBc Negative HCV RNA Negative

IgM NegativeAnti-HBs Positive

You recognize the patient is susceptible to:

Hepatitis A and B

Hepatitis B and C

Hepatitis B only

Hepatitis A only

21.  When evaluating illness symptoms in older patients, the disease will often present differently from younger adults due to:

The likelihood of polypharmacy.

Decreased compensatory mechanisms in the elderly.

An increased physiologic response to illness in the elderly.

Presence of comorbid conditions.

22. When prioritizing risk factors for bacterial endocarditis, the nurse practitioner knows who among the following patients has the highest risk.

A 55-year-old man with 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafts with stents.

A 23-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse without tissue redundancy.

A 65-year-old man with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy.

A 75-year-old woman with a nonorganic prosthetic aortic valve.

23. The legal authority for NPs to perform healthcare services as defined by state law is called:

Duty of care.

Non-malfeasance.

Autonomy.

Scope of practice.

24. When developing a management plan for patients with genitourinary infections, which of the following would you most likely recommend for follow-up imaging following resolution of their infection?

A 27-year-old nonpregnant woman with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI).

A 38-year-old nonpregnant woman with 2 acute, uncomplicated UTIs in the past 9 months.

A 57-year-old man with acute bacterial prostatitis.

A 43-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and recurrent pyelonephritis.

25. The NP is called to evaluate Jane, a 43-year- old woman, who presents with a diffuse maculopapular rash that began on the trunk but now covers the entire body, including the palms and soles. The rash is not itchy but wart-like sores are present in the mouth and genital area as well as skin folds. Initial evaluation reveals generalized lymphadenopathy and a low-grade fever, and she complains of lethargy and headache. The patient reports that she had a painless genital ulcer that healed on its own about 3 weeks earlier. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Primary syphilis.

Secondary syphilis.

Genital herpes.

Gonorrhea.

26. A 27-year-old man presents with a chief concern of an abnormal mass within his left scrotum. He describes it as feeling like a “bag of worms” and is present when he is standing but disappears when he lies down. His past medical history is unremarkable and his BMI is 29 kg/m 2 . He has been in a monogamous relationship for the past 4months. The most likely diagnosis is:

Testicular torsion.

Syphilis.

Varicocele.

Testicular cancer.

27. An 18-year-old man is being evaluated for a severe exacerbation of asthma. He is currently taking an inhaled corticosteroid, a long- acting beta-agonist, and a short-acting beta-agonist on an as needed basis. The most important component of the initial assessment includes a(n):

Continuous pulse oximetry reading

Peak expiratory flow reading

Chest X-ray

Arterial Blood Gas

28. A 67-year-old man is being evaluated for shortness of breath. His medical history reveals that he experienced a myocardial infarction about 2 years ago and a history of hypertension, which is well controlled by diet.. Otherwise, his medical history is unremarkable. Which of the following would you expect to find on electrocardiogram (ECG)?

T wave inversion.

Pathologic Q wave.

ST segment elevation.

Tall R wave.

29. A 74-year-old male with asymptomatic atrial fibrillation underwent electrical cardioversion that successfully restored the heart’s rhythm. Which of the following medications can be considered for the purpose of maintaining the heart’s rhythm?

Sotalol (Betapace ® )

Digoxin (Lanoxin ® )

Dabigatran (Pradaxa ® )

Enalapri

30. A 14-year-old male is brought in for evaluation after he reportedly collapsed during a tennis match, though he quickly regained consciousness. His medical history is otherwise unremarkable. You suspect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which of the following heart murmur characteristics would support the diagnosis?

Occurs late in systole.

Widely split S?.

Becomes louder when going from a supine to standing position.

Murmur follows mid-systolic click.

31. You see a 64-year-old man with an area of erythema concentrated on the left side of his neck with clusters of vesicles forming a line. He reported pain in the area a couple of days before the eruption of the lesions. He states that he recently initiated biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Impetigo.

Herpes zoster.

Drug-related adverse reaction.

Viral exanthem.

32. An NP’s duty of care can be established:

Only in the setting of a healthcare institution (e.g., hospital, clinic, etc.).

When the NP gives professional advice or treatment in any setting.

Only when a fee is charged, either to the patient or third-party payer, for services.

Only when both the NP and patient acknowledge a patient-provider relationship.

33. In managing a 58-year- old woman who is admitted for deep vein thrombosis, caution should be used with which of the following medications due to a risk of drug-induced thrombocytopenia?

Warfarin (Coumadin®)

Clopidogrel (Plavix®)

Dabigatran (Pradaxa®)

Unfractionated heparin

34. An 84-year-old female patient is admitted from a local long-term care facility (illnes). The patient is normally awake, alert, and oriented. She resides in the LTCF because she has not fully recovered from a broken hip resulting from a fall 4 months ago; otherwise she is in relatively good health. She can walk short distances with a walker, though she primarily stays in a wheelchair. Today, however, the nursing staff found her to be acutely confused and unable to ambulate without falling. She was transferred to the emergency department for evaluation. Initial laboratory testing must include:

2 sets of blood cultures.

Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level.

Urinalysis.

Lumbar puncture.

35. A 23-year-old college student presents with a 2-day history of severe sore throat and difficulty eating or drinking due to trouble swallowing. A physical examination reveals exudative pharyngitis and minimally tender anterior and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The NP suspects infectious mononucleosis and would expect which of the following laboratory findings?

Neutrophilia with reactive forms.

Thrombocytosis.

Lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes.

Diminished ALT/AST levels.

36. “Incident-to” services are defined as those which are “an integral, although incidental, part of the physician’s personal professional services in the course of diagnosis or treatment of an injury or illness”. As long as certain criteria are met, “incident to” billing is an option in all of the following settings except:

Office visits.

Hospital.

Nursing home.

Home visits.

37. A 78-year- old male is being treated for a hypoglycemic episode. He has a long history of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as congestive heart failure and COPD. He is currently taking basal insulin with a sulfonylurea. What is the acceptable A1C goal for this patient?

≤ 6.5%

≤ 7.0%

≤ 8.0%

≤ 9.0%

38. You see a 74- year-old male who is accompanied by his granddaughter who lives with him. He has hypertension, a prior myocardial infarction, long-standing type 2 diabetes, and recently underwent a lower limb amputation secondary to diabetes. He is currently taking an ACE inhibitor, statin, low-dose aspirin, biguanide, and insulin. The granddaughter reports that since the amputation, her grandfather sometimes becomes withdrawn, irritable and moody for no apparent reason, does not want to participate in the typical activities he enjoys, and often does not appear to eat much during the day. She also states that he often complains of being tired but normally wakes up in the early morning hours. The most appropriate action is to evaluate the patient for:

Dementia.

Depression.

Delirium.

Drug interaction.

39. You see a 58-year-old man who complains of a persistent dry, hacking cough. He reports that he recently started taking a medication to treat high blood pressure. He is most likely taking a(n):

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

Alpha-adrenergic antagonist

Angiotensin receptor blocker

Beta-adrenergic antagonist

40. A 77-year-old woman is accompanied by her husband for evaluation. She is currently being treated with metoprolol (Lopressor ® ) for hypertension and digoxin (Lanoxin ® ) for atrial fibrillation. He reports that his wife is becoming increasingly forgetful over the past year, failing to note important family events such as birthdays, and sometimes becomes confused with driving directions to familiar locations. She has no previous psychiatric history. The most likely diagnosis is:

Parkinson’s disease.

Delirium.

Dementia.

Early stage of congestive heart failure.

41. Mrs. Conner is a 76- year-old woman living in a long-term care facility and has been bedridden with a respiratory infection for the past 4 days. She is brought in for evaluation and you note signs of dehydration as well as a section of epidermal skin loss about 3 cm in diameter on her right hip. The dermal layer appears intact. This would be considered a pressure ulcer of Stage:

1

2

3

4

42. Which of the following represents the highest level of scientific evidence when evaluating clinical research?

A randomized controlled trial.

Systematic review/ Meta-analysis of randomized controlled troals.

Observational study.

Cohort study.

43. A 64-year- old woman with chronic kidney disease presents with a chief complaint of lethargy. His hemogram is as follows:

-Hemoglobin (Hg)=9.9 g/dL (12–14 g/dL

-Hematocrit (Hct)=30% (36%–42%)

-Mean cell volume (MCV)=81 fL (80–96 fL

-Reticulocytes=0.7% (1%–2%)

These findings are most consistent with:

Iron deficiency anemia.

Anemia of chronic disease.

Folate deficiency anemia.

Thalassemia trait.

44. You see a 68-year-old woman who is being treated for moderate depression. She complains that her medication is causing symptoms of dry mouth and constipation. She is most likely taking which of the following medications?

Venlafaxine (Effexor ® )

Citalopram (Celexa ® )

Fluoxetine (Prozac ® )

Nortriptyline (Pamelor ® )

45. All of the following persons are eligible for Medicare services except:

A 74-year-old ex-smoker with COPD and high income from assets.

A 69-year-old undocumented resident in the US with atrial fibrillation.

A 62-year-old with a permanent physical disability due to a motor vehicle accident.

A 72-year-old permanent legal resident (non-US citizen) with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

46. When initiating therapy with spironolactone for a patient who is also on an ACE inhibitor, you advise the patient to return in 5 days to check which of the following laboratory parameters?

Sodium

Calcium

Potassium

Chloride

47. When considering an end-of-life decision for a terminally ill person with Alzheimer-type dementia who can no longer communicate, all of the following can be used as an advanced directive except:

Testimony from a family member or close friend

A living will.

A “do not resuscitate” order.

A durable power of attorney for healthcare.

48. Which of the following types of clinical studies represents the lowest level of evidence used to guide medical decisions?

Clinical experience of renowned expert in field.

Non-randomized controlled study.

Observational study.

Case-control study.

49. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes do you expect to find in a person with myocardial ischemia?calcium

Pathologic Q wave

Tall R wave

T wave inversion

ST segment elevation

50. Which of the following statements is false regarding end-of-life decision-making for a patient that is hopelessly and terminally ill?

A durable power of attorney for healthcare can be used to authorize another person to make healthcare decisions.

A videotaped or audiotaped discussion with the patient can include advanced directives.

Advanced directives are legally binding and recognized in all 50 states.

Living wills and do not resuscitate orders are examples of advanced directives.

51. The nurse practitioner is evaluating a 19-year- old male suffering from a severe headache. He has a history of headaches that tend to occur in clusters over a few days. He has unsuccessfully tried several therapeutic modalities. A positive response to which of the following interventions supports the diagnosis of cluster headache?

Oxygen therapy.

Beta-adrenergic blockade.

Tricyclic antidepressant.

Dietary reduction of amines.

52. All of the following are required Medicare terms and conditions for paying NP services except:

The services are within the NP’s scope of practice as defined by state law.

The services performed are those for which a physician would be able to bill Medicare. The services are performed in collaboration with a physician.

Separate charges are billed for NP services and facility charges.

53. A 28- year- old male with asthma presents with a chief complaint that he has to use his rescue inhaler multiple times each day. An evaluation reveals that he has moderate-to-severe asthma and requires Step 4 treatment. An appropriate regimen would include:

Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Medium-dose ICS

Medium-dose ICS plus a long-acting beta?-agonist (LABA)

High-dose ICS plus LABA plus omalizumab (Xolair ® )

54. A 62-year-old woman presents in the emergency department complaining of severe toe pain that originated overnight. She has a history of renal disease and is currently taking a thiazide diuretic. Her BMI is 37 kg/m 2 . In considering a diagnosis of acute gouty arthritis, the nurse practitioner knows that the best diagnostic indicator is:

Serum uric acid.

Joint X-ray.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Analysis of joint aspirate for urate crystals.

55. Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic for a 57-year-old man with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and who has type 2 diabetes mellitus, COPD and a beta-lactam allergy?

Cephalexin (Keflex ® ).

Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin ® ).

Trimethoprim with or without sulfamethoxazole (Primsol ® , Bactrim ® ).

Levofloxacin (Levaquin ® )

Transformation and a systematic review

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Updated 09/2019

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is:

  • To apply a change process using the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation and a systematic review after identifying a clinical topic of concern and related nursing practice issue.
  • The information from the ‘Illustration’ part of our lessons in Weeks 1-6 will mentor you through this process. Your change process is to be set up as a pilot project.

Course Outcomes

This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:

CO2: Proposes leadership and collaboration strategies for use with consumers and other healthcare providers in managing care and/or delegating responsibilities for health promotion, illness prevention, health restoration and maintenance, and rehabilitative activities. (PO#2)

CO8: Selects evidence for best practices when planning professional nursing care involving systems, processes, and devices for individuals, families, aggregates and communities. (PO#8)

Points

The assignment is worth 225 points.

Due Date

Submit your completed assignment by Sunday end of Week 6 by 11:59 p.m. MT.

Directions

Please do not use any of the Nurse Daniel information for your own topic, nursing intervention, or change project. Nurse Daniel serves as an example only to illustrate the change process.

Please review the infographic as way to guide you in getting started with your assignment: Developing an Assignment with Integrity (Links to an external site.)

A short tutorial with tips for completing this assignment may be viewed below or by reading the transcript (Links to an external site.).

EBP Change Process (form)

  1. Download the EBP Change Process form (Links to an external site.) during Week 1.
  2. The use of this specific form is REQUIRED and is due at the end of Week 6.
  3. A short tutorial with tips for completing this assignment may be viewed in the short video above.
  4. Identify a clinical topic and related nursing practice issue you think needs to be changed.
  5. Locate a systematic review on your topic from the CCN Library databases. Be sure this involves nursing actions.
  6. Work through each step of the ACE Star Model as outlined on the assignment form (Star Points 1-5: Discovery, Summary, Translation, Implementation, and Evaluation). Respond to the instructions provided on the form.
  7. Follow the activities and thinking of Nurse Daniel in Weeks 1-6 in the ‘Illustration’ part of each lesson. He will be working through a clinical topic and nursing practice issue to demonstrate a change (ACE Star Model and systematic review).
  8. Work on a portion of the process each week, as the illustration unfolds.
  9. Please reach out to your instructor for feedback or assistance with your PICOT question as needed.
  10. Required and Additional Background Reading in Weeks 1 and 2 under Readings is available for more information on the ACE Star Model and the use of systematic reviews.
  11. Please cite any references (in APA format) of your systematic review or other scholarly document (optional) as needed. Paraphrasing information, rather than quoting, is expected. No quotes for this assignment please!
  12. For questions about this assignment, please contact your instructor.
  13. Use the grading rubric as a final way to check that all components of the form have been completed. The rubric is the tool your instructor will use to assess your content.

Reminder

Before preparing your assignment, please review this “Crediting Sources Made Simple (Links to an external site.)“ resource. This tool is intended to help you understand scholarly writing, APA, referencing, and crediting. Please reach out to your instructor with any questions as you prepare your assignment.

**Academic Integrity**

Chamberlain College of Nursing values honesty and integrity. All students should be aware of the Academic Integrity policy and follow it in all discussions and assignments.

By submitting this assignment, I pledge on my honor that all content contained is my own original work except as quoted and cited appropriately. I have not received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment. Please see the grading criteria and rubrics on this page.

NOTE: Please use your browser’s File setting to save or print this page.

Rubric

Week 6: EBP Change Process Assignment Grading RubricWeek 6: EBP Change Process Assignment Grading RubricCriteriaRatingsPtsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSelected Systematic ReviewA systematic review from the CCN Library databases was selected, identified, and was appropriate for the selected nursing change process.25.0 ptsOne systematic review from the CCN Library databases was identified and was clearly appropriate.22.0 ptsA systematic review was selected from the CCN Library databases and was mostly appropriate for a nursing change process.20.0 ptsA systematic review was selected from the CCN Library databases and was fairly appropriate for a nursing change process.10.0 ptsA systematic review was selected, but not from the CCN Library databases and/or was not appropriate for this assignment.0.0 ptsNo systematic review selected or used.25.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeStar Point 1 (Discovery)The topic, nursing practice issue, rationale and scope of the problem were clearly identified and described.25.0 ptsStar Point 1 elements in the first column were thoroughly addressed.22.0 ptsStar Point 1 elements in the first column were mostly well addressed.20.0 ptsStar Point 1 was missing one element in the first column or one lacked detail.10.0 ptsStar Point 1 was missing more than one element in the first column and others lacked detail.0.0 ptsThe ACE Star Model Star Point 1 was not completed.25.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeStar Point 2 (Summary)The NURSING practice problem, NURSING related PICOT question, a systematic review from any database in the Chamberlain Library, and other optional references, evidence summary, strength, and solutions, are listed and described.35.0 ptsStar Point 2 elements in the first column were thoroughly addressed.31.0 ptsStar Point 2 elements in the first column were mostly well addressed.28.0 ptsStar Point 2 was missing one element in the first column or one lacked detail.13.0 ptsStar Point 2 was missing more than one element in the first column and others lacked detail. or were inappropriate.0.0 ptsThe ACE Star Model Star Point 2 was not completed.35.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeStar Point 3 (Translation)Care standards, practice guidelines, or protocols; stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities; the nursing role; rationale for including certain stakeholders, and cost analysis plan are addressed.35.0 ptsStar Point 3 elements in the first column were thoroughly addressed.31.0 ptsStar Point 3 elements in the first column were mostly well addressed.28.0 ptsStar Point 3. was missing one element in the first column or one lacked detail.13.0 ptsStar Point 3 was missing more than one element in the first column and others lacked detail.0.0 ptsThe ACE Star Model Star Point 3 was not completed.35.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeStar Point 4 (Implementation)Permission process, education plan, timeline, measurable outcomes, forms, resources, and stakeholder meetings, are addressed.35.0 ptsStar Point 4 elements in the first column were thoroughly addressed.31.0 ptsStar Point 4 elements in the first column were mostly well addressed28.0 ptsStar Point 4 was missing one element in the first column or one lacked detail.13.0 ptsStar Point 4 was missing more than one element in the first column and others lacked detail.0.0 ptsThe ACE Star Model Star Point 4 was not completed.35.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeStar Point 5 (Evaluation)Reporting results, process and next steps are addressed.35.0 ptsStar Point 5 elements in the first column were thoroughly addressed.31.0 ptsStar Point 5 elements in the first column were mostly well addressed28.0 ptsStar Point 5 was missing one element in the first column or one lacked detail.13.0 ptsStar Point 5 was missing more than one element in the first column and others lacked detail.0.0 ptsThe ACE Star Model Star Point 5 was not completed.35.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomePresentationInformation was presented clearly and thoughts were well organized and logical.20.0 ptsInformation was presented clearly and thoughts were well organized and logical throughout.18.0 ptsInformation was presented clearly and thoughts were mainly organized and logical throughout.16.0 ptsInformation was presented clearly and thoughts were somewhat organized and logical throughout.8.0 ptsInformation was not consistently clear and/or was not consistently organized and logical.0.0 ptsInformation was disorganized and difficult to understand.20.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeMechanics/APAThe systematic review and any other scholarly resources were properly listed in APA format.
The writing includes error free grammar and spelling, and complete sentence structure.15.0 ptsExcellent mechanics and APA formatting with minimal errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.13.0 ptsGood mechanics and formatting considering the elements listed in the first column12.0 ptsFair mechanics and formatting considering the elements listed in the first column6.0 ptsPoor mechanics and formatting considering the elements listed in the first column0.0 ptsVery poor mechanics and formatting such that information is difficult to read.15.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAssignment Form Used0.0 pts0 points deductedCorrect assignment form used0.0 pts22.5 points (10%) deductedIncorrect form used resulting in point deduction0.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLate Deduction0.0 pts0 points deductedSubmitted on time0.0 ptsNot submitted on time – Point deduction1 day late =11.25 deduction; 2 days=22.5 deduction; 3 days=33.75 deduction; 4 days =45 deduction; 5 days = 56.25 deduction; 6 days =67.5 deduction; 7 days =78.75 deduction; Score of 0 if more than 7 days late0.0 pts
Total Points: 225.0PreviousNextTop

rigor and validity.

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Validity in research refers to the extent researchers can be confident that the cause and effect they identify in their research are in fact causal relationships. If there is low validity in a study, it usually means that the research design is flawed and the results will be of little or no value. Four different aspects of validity should be considered when reviewing a research design: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. In this Discussion, you consider the importance of each of these aspects in judging the validity of quantitative research.

To prepare:

· Review the information in Chapter 10 of the course text on rigor and validity.

· Read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies (also located in this week’s Learning Resources). Identify at least one potential concern that could be raised about the study’s internal validity.

o Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59(1), 18–25.

o Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), 325–331.

o Yuan, S., Chou, M., Hwu, L., Chang, Y., Hsu, W., & Kuo, H. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(10), 1,404–1,411.

· Consider strategies that could be used to strengthen the study’s internal validity and how this would impact the three other types of validity.

· Think about the consequences of an advanced practice nurse neglecting to consider the validity of a research study when reviewing the research for potential use in developing an evidence-based practice.

Post the title of the study that you selected and your analysis of the potential concerns that could be raised about the study’s internal validity. Propose recommendations to strengthen the internal validity and assess the effect your changes could have with regard to the other three types of validity. Discuss the dangers of failing to consider the validity of a research study.

asthma

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Complications of asthma can be sudden. Consider the case of Bradley Wilson, a young boy who had several medical conditions. He appeared in good health when he went to school, returned home, and ate dinner. However, when he later went outside to play, he came back inside wheezing. An ambulance took him to the hospital where he was pronounced dead (Briscoe, 2012). In another case, 10-year-old Dynasty Reese, who had mild asthma, woke up in the middle of the night and ran to her grandfather’s bedroom to tell him she couldn’t breathe. By the time paramedics arrived, she had passed out and was pronounced dead at the hospital (Glissman, 2012). These situations continue to outline the importance of recognizing symptoms of asthma and providing immediate treatment, as well as distinguishing minor symptoms from serious, life-threatening symptoms. Since these symptoms and attacks are often induced by a trigger, as an advanced practice nurse, you must be able to help patients identify their triggers and recommend appropriate treatment options. For this reason, you need to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation.

 

o Prepare

  • Review “Asthma” in Chapter 27 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Consider how these disorders are similar and different.
  • Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
  • Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation.

 

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

  • Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation.
  • Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the factor you selected.
  • Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

Reference
Briscoe, K. (2012, May 12). Thetford: mother of Bradley Wilson, who died of asthma attack, told there was nothing she could have done. East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.eadt.co.uk/news/thetford_mother_of_bradley_wilson_who_died_of_asthma_attack_told_there_was_nothing_she_could_have_done_1_1375128

Glissman, B. (2012, May 21). Girl’s death puts focus on asthma’s broader grip. Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved from http://www.omaha.com/article/20120521/LIVEWELL01/305219975

U.S. health care delivery system

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Due Date: May 27, 2018 23:59:59 Max Points: 150
Details:

As the country focuses on the restructuring of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and fewer will be available in acute care hospitals.

Write an informal presentation (500-700 words) to educate nurses about how the practice of nursing is expected to grow and change. Include the concepts of continuity or continuum of care, accountable care organizations (ACO), medical homes, and nurse-managed health clinics.
Share your presentation with nurse colleagues on your unit or department and ask them to offer their impressions of the anticipated changes to health care delivery and the new role of nurses in hospital settings, communities, clinics, and medical homes.
In 800-1,000 words summarize the feedback shared by three nurse colleagues and discuss whether their impressions are consistent with what you have researched about health reform.
A minimum of three scholarly references are required for this assignment.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Please Note: Assignment will not be submitted to the faculty member until the “Submit” button under “Final Submission” is clicked.
due today,disappointed by Prof Goodwill after full payment.

health care beliefs

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1.  Describe the health care beliefs of the German and French Canadian heritages and mention the influence in the delivery of evidence-based health care.

2.  Discuss if there is any similarity in the health care beliefs and practices of the German and French Canadian heritage with the health care beliefs of your heritage.

3.  If you have to change your health care beliefs for any of one study this week, which one will you choose and why?

References must be no older than 5 years.  A minimum of 700 words is required.

Heart Failure Clinic Resourcing Plan 

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Assessment : Heart Failure Clinic Resourcing Plan

Details Overview Write a 3–4 page evidence-based resourcing plan for one component of the Heart Failure Clinic.  It is important for the nurse leader to have not only a basic understanding of the budget process, but to understand how to work with variances in staffing, patient loads, and supply costs in order to meet the needs of the patients, without compromising the funding process of the clinic.  SHOW LESS By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:  Competency 3: Apply management strategies and best practices for health care finance, human resources, and materials allocation decisions to improve health care delivery and patient outcomes. Apply evidence-based management strategies and best practices for resourcing health care services. Describe management and accountability tools and procedures used to manage health delivery services and patient outcomes. Competency 4: Apply professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct in professional practice. Apply legal and professional standards for resourcing outpatient services. Competency 5: Communicate in manner that is consistent with the expectations of a nursing professional. Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and current APA style. Reference Kelly, P., & Tazbir, J. (2014). Essentials of nursing leadership and management (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.  Competency Map CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Use this online tool to track your performance and progress through your course. Toggle Drawer Context Health care delivery is a complex process and system that includes multiple delivery sites such as hospitals, ambulatory-care centers, private-provider offices, community-health facilities, home-care agencies, and extended-care facilities. Managed care is a method used to reimburse or pay for health care service. It includes more than just payment; it also controls the delivery services. Health care reform has been undertaken for a variety of reasons, not the least of which are access and health disparities issues. Nursing within an organization is a critical component of health care delivery and is an essential ingredient in patient outcomes (Kelly & Tazbir, 2014).  Toggle Drawer Questions to Consider To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community.  For the following questions, you may wish to review the Brown, Bornstein, and Wilcox article “Partnership and Empowerment Program: A Model for Patient-Centered, Comprehensive, and Cost-Effective Care,” listed in the Unit Resources.  Who makes you accountable for the delegation that you use in your organization, as well as on a state and national level? Are there ways you could initiate greater collaboration with the health care team by using delegation? What is the purpose of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing delegation decision-making tree? What is the long-term implication related to health care cost if the patient or patient population continues to have poor outcomes related to cost containment? How can you address cost within your organization, as a nursing leader, and how is this related to patient outcomes? Toggle Drawer Resources Suggested Resources The following optional resources are provided to support you in completing each assessment. They provide helpful information about the topics in this unit. For additional resources, refer to the Research Resources and Supplemental Resources in the left navigation menu of your courseroom.  Library Resources The following resources are provided for you in the Capella University Library and are linked directly in this course. These articles contain content relevant to the topics and assessments that are the focus of this unit.  Brown, C., Bornstein, E., & Wilcox, C. (2012). Partnership and empowerment program: A model for patient-centered, comprehensive, and cost-effective care. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 16(1), 15–17. Rundio, A. (2012). The nurse manager’s guide to budgeting & finance. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International. Cranmer, P., & Nhemachena, J. (2013). Ethics for nurses: Theory and practice. Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK: Open University Press. Pynes, J. E., Lombardi, D. N. (2011). Human resources management for health care organizations: A strategic approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Simons, T., Leroy, H., Savage, G. T. (2013). Leading in health care organizations: Improving safety, satisfaction, and financial performance. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group. Zelman, W. N., McCue, M. J., Glick, N. D., Thomas, M. S. (2014). Financial management of health care organizations: An introduction to fundamental tools, concepts, and applications (4th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. SHOW LESS Course Library Guide A Capella University library guide has been created specifically for your use in this course. You are encouraged to refer to the resources in the BSN-FP4012 – Nursing Leadership and Management Library Guide to help direct your research.  Internet Resources Mensik, N. (2013). What nurses need to know about nurse staffing today | Transcript. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mo5OFmGQQH0 American Nurses Association (ANA). (2015). Code of ethics for nurses. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses.aspx National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm Joint Commission. (2015, January 12). Hospital outpatient department. Retrieved from http://www.jointcommission.org/hospital_outpatient_department American Nurses Association (ANA). (n.d.). Scope of practice. Retrieved from www.nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/AdvancedPracticeNurses/Scope-of-Practice-2 Bookstore Resources The resources listed below are relevant to the topics and assessments in this course. These resources are available from the Capella University Bookstore. When searching the bookstore, be sure to look for the Course ID with the specific –FP (FlexPath) course designation.  Kelly, P., & Tazbir, J. (2014). Essentials of nursing leadership and management (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Chapters 8–10 Chapters 14–15. Assessment Instructions Preparation Refer to the Capella library and the Internet for supplemental resources to help you complete this assessment.  Instructions Deliverable: Develop one component of an evidence-based resourcing plan.  Scenario:  The hospital leadership team has already allocated the major capital expenditures for the heart failure clinic, such as the facility, legal services, IT, and security services. However, as a member of the nurse team, you have been asked to develop one component of a resourcing plan for the next leadership meeting.  You may use any combination of documents (for example, a spreadsheet or a table) in addition to explanatory information to convey information clearly and succinctly.  Choose one of the following:  Budget:  Apply evidence-based management strategies and best practices for resourcing health care services. Identify the business plan budget categories and subcategories (not necessarily the actual cost) to establish a new clinic. Start-up expenses. Examine fixed and variable costs. Capital budget items. Examples: salary and benefits, staffing mix, specialized equipment or materials, et cetera. Contingency fund and parameters. Apply legal and professional standards for resourcing outpatient services. Explain the alignment to best practices and professional standards for cost effective outpatient services. How will uninsured or underinsured patients be managed? Describe management and accountability tools and procedures used to manage health delivery services and patient outcomes. What data resources and tools analyze costs, health insurance, and hospitalization services? How will billing be handled? How will you determine if outpatient management is cost-effective? How does transparency impact the consumer? Staffing Plan:  Apply evidence-based management strategies and best practices for resourcing health care services. Identify the disciplines and skill mix needed for appropriate staffing. Estimate staffing requirements by discipline and staffing ratios (evidence-based). Develop a sample staffing schedule. How will you staff to meet corporate diversity goals or the needs of diverse patients? Explain how delegation, collaboration, negotiation will affect staffing plan. How does a union contract affect the staffing plan or schedule? Examine the Nurse Practice Act for your state. How does the Nurse Practice Act affect your staffing plan? Apply legal and professional standards for resourcing outpatient services. Align your staffing plan to best practices, the Nurse Practice Act for your state, scope of practice, and the Joint Commission standards for outpatients. Describe management and accountability tools and procedures used to manage health delivery services and patient outcomes. How will you know if staffing is cost-effective? How will you know if staffing mix or schedule impacts patient outcomes? Additional Requirements Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message. APA formatting: Resources and in-text citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting. Length: The plan should be 3–4 pages in content length, double-spaced. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point. Number of resources: Support your plan with a minimum of three peer-reviewed resources, in addition to professional standards.

atton-Fuller Community Hospital virtual organization.

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Imagine your Learning Team is the human resources management team at the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital virtual organization. The new chief executive officer (CEO) of your hospital has asked your team to prepare a presentation about human resources at the hospital.

Prepare a 15- to 20-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation for the new CEO in which you:

·        Describe performance appraisal standards.

·        Provide examples of how standards are used at Patton-Fuller.

·        Identify guidelines for effective performance appraisals.

·        Include possible barriers and their effect on the appraisal process.

·        Describe the due diligence of progressive discipline of employees.

·        Identify specific employee files that show progressive discipline of employees.Determine if due diligence is followed in the corrective action file of the following employees:

·        Bennie Bellamy

·        Alva Branham

·        King Lovell

·        Louise McFate

·        Explore the current and future state of human resources in health care. Answer the following questions:

·        What are some current and future human resources issues in health care?

·        How may effective human resources management deal with these issues?

·        Include how Patton-Fuller’s HR mission statement and goals do or do not meet the changing issues and needs.

Include at least 4 references.

community newsletter

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Its important to meet the competencies!!

Overview

 

Write an article for a community newsletter for a local retirement village that explains

the laws, policies, and choices surrounding end-of-life health care decisions.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

 

  • Competency 1: Explain the effect of health care policies, legislation, and legal issues on health care delivery and patient outcomes.
    • Identify the primary policies that define current health care practices in regard to end-of-life health care decisions.
    • Explain the legislation that generated end-of-life health care policies.
  • Competency 2: Explain the effect of regulatory environments and controls on health care delivery and patient outcomes.
    • Explain the effect of end-of-life regulations and controls on patient outcomes.
  • Competency 3: Apply professional nursing ethical standards and principles to the decision-making process.
    • Describe the role of the nurse in end-of-life decision making with patients and their families.
    • Describe the ethical considerations that have influenced policy decisions in regard to end-of-life decisions.
  • Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is consistent with expectations of nursing professionals.
    •  Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
    • Correctly format citations and references using APA style.

    Assessment Instructions

 

Your manager asked you to prepare an article for a community newsletter for a local retirement village. The editor wants you to talk about the laws, policies, and choices surrounding end-of-life health care decisions

Preparation

Search the Capella library and the Internet for scholarly and professional peer-reviewed articles on end-of-life care. You will need at least three articles to use as support for your work on this assessment.

Directions

Write an article of 750–1,000 words (3–4 pages) that discusses the laws, policies, and choices surrounding end-of-life health care decisions. Address the following in your article:

  • Describe the role of the nurse in end-of-life decision making with patients and their families.
  • Explain the legislation that generated end-of-life health care policies. Was the legislation an outcome of a specific medical case?
  • Identify the primary policies regarding current health care practices related to end-of-life health care decisions. How to these policies affect treatment decisions?
  • Explain the effect of end-of-life regulations and controls on patient outcomes. What effect does this have on the nurse-patient relationship?
  • Describe the ethical considerations that have influenced policy decisions in regard to end-of-life decisions.

Additional Requirements

Your article should meet the following requirements:

  • Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • References: Cite a minimum of three resources; a majority of these should be peer-reviewed sources. Your reference list should be appropriate to the body of literature available on this topic that has been published in the past 5 years.
  • APA format: Resources and citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting.
  • Length: 750–1,000 words or 3–4 typed, double-spaced pages, excluding title page and reference page. Use Microsoft Word to complete the assessment.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12-point.Correctly format citations and references using APA style.