Tag Archive for: nursing

Federalism’s Impact on Policy

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Federalism’s Impact on Policy

The fragmentation of the U.S. health care system, with its differing modes of financing and service delivery, is a reflection of a dispersed government structure. Policy making is shared and distributed across various branches and levels of government. As a result, policy making processes can be slow to respond, manipulated towards personal interests, and often redundant. Consider, for example, the public entitlement programs such as Medicaid, Medicare, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIPS), and the PPACA of 2010. Where is there overlap between these policies? How do they demonstrate a dispersed government structure?

This week, you will analyze the role of the federal government in health care policy making.

To prepare:

  • Review      this week’s Learning Resources focusing on the France article and the      textbook readings.
  • Identify      two nursing or health care policies that address similar needs, one passed      at the federal level and the other at another level of government (state      or local).

By tomorrow 04/17/2018 3pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below:

Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Provide an example of two policies that address similar needs, passed at two levels of government (i.e., federal, state, or local).

2) What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of this duplication? How does this example reflect the implications of federalism? Provide support from the literature for your position.

3) To what degree should the federal government get involved in health care policy making? Provide concrete examples to support your position.

Required Readings

Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2016). Understanding health policy: A clinical approach (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.

  • Chapter      15, “Health Care Reform and National Health Insurance”

    Chapter 15 discusses the history of legislating national health care      insurance in the United States. The chapter focuses on the different      methods of financing a national health care reform, from a single-payer      government fund to employer and individual mandates.

  • Chapter      16, “Conflict and Change in America’s Health Care System”

    Chapter 16 highlights the historical relationships between health care      purchasers, insurers, providers, and suppliers. Over the decades, these      stakeholders have battled for control of the U. S. health care system, as      health care costs increase, and more people remain uninsured.

France, C. (2008). The form and context of federalism: Meaning for health care financing. Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 33(4), 649–705. doi: 10.1215/03616878-2008-012

The author argues that the United States’ unique form of federalism works negatively within a fragmented societal context to create an equally fragmented and dispersed health care system. The article highlights the United States health care system by comparing it with systems in Canada, Germany, and Australia.

Frankel, M. S. (2009). Commentary: Public outreach by the FDA: Evaluating oversight of human drugs and medical devices. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 37(4), 625–628.

Kennedy, E. M. (2005). The role of the federal government in eliminating health disparities. Health Affairs, 24(2), 425–428.

In this article, the late Senator Kennedy discusses health care disparities among marginalized groups in the United States. He proposes the expansion of Medicaid and State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), increased cultural competency among health care providers, health care research related to marginalized groups, and an increased public health investment by the United States. He includes a brief history of government involvement in reducing health care disparities.

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UAVs or Drones

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  • Urgent with in  3hours
  • in 2 pages
  • UAVs or Drones have generated great interest in recent years due to their industrial, commercial, and recreational potential. Discuss the ethical, legal and financial implications with respect to using drones in telemedicine?
  • Support your writings by at least 2 references (APA style)
  • You must submit your answer as Word file using the attached cover page on your submission.
  • Proper formatting, correct referencing and cover page will carry a mark

Grading Criteria:

Grading will be based on the depth and accuracy of your answer. The following points will be used to assess this assignment. Please familiarize yourself with it and do not hesitate to refer back to it before, during, and after composing your answer.

  1. Quality of the Content
  2. Knowledge
  3. Depth of Analysis
  4. Style and Organization
  5. Provided the required writing style (Essay, Report etc.)Plus the layout is organize, the file name include the student name and Student ID (Metadata).
  6. Referencing
  7. Spelling/grammar

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health reform in the U.S

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Write an executive summary that outlines the government’s impact on health reform in the U.S. healthcare delivery system. As part of your executive summary, also provide a brief analysis of the ethical principles that must be addressed within health reform in order to create a more equitable healthcare system.

Your essay should be a minimum of two pages in length. Any sources used should be cited and referenced in APA format.

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Patient’s Life

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 I NEED A RESPONSE FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT

1 PAGE

3 REFERENCES

ZERO PLAGIARISM

There are a few questions that come to mind when reading this case. One of the things that stood out was the fact that the patient does not see her father a lot. If possible, I would want to speak with her father to find out if the types of behaviors described by the teacher and mother also exist when the patient is with him. This would give me a more holistic view of the patient’s behavior. For example, the diagnosis may change if the patient does not act this way when her father is present.

The timeline of the patient’s tantrums is not very clear, and I would ask her mother to clarify them. She states that the patient has had tantrums since age 5, but then states that she has been resentful since her younger sister was born (they are two years apart). She also states that her tantrums are improving. I would like to know if this is really related to the birth of her sister, or if other factors contributed to her behavior. Was her behavior influenced by her belief that her mother’s attention had to be shared? Was she showing signs of being angry or resentful toward her mom before her sister was born?

Finally, I would also speak with the child’s grandmother to see if she too shares the same feelings about the child’s behavior. Is the child “negative” and defiant with her? Does she seem difficult to deal with as well? This will help me to see if the child’s behavior is the same in all settings or if she is deliberately this way with certain people. Once again, this may alter her diagnosis.

People to Speak with in the Patient’s Life

As previously stated, the persons I would like to speak with (besides her mother and teacher) are her father, grandmother, and sister. These are three people at different ages who interact with the patient in different settings and may be able to provide other perspectives not given by the mother or teacher.

Physical Exam and Diagnostic Tests

While there is no specific test to diagnose ADHD, the DSM-V lists that criteria that the child or adolescent must meet in order to be diagnosed with this condition (Felt et al., 2014). It is also important to note that there are other conditions that may mimic and/ or coexist with ADHD. These include anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome, hearing loss, intellectual disability, mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), sleep disorder and speech and language disorder and finally, problems with hearing or vision (Felt et al., 2014). Behavioral rating scales are also used in the assessment of ADHD. There are several but Conner’s scale was used in this scenario.

Differential Diagnoses

Three differential diagnoses include:

  1. ADHD comorbid with reactive attachment disorder
  2. ADHD comorbid with Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
  3. Conduct disorder

The differential diagnosis I believe most suitable for this patient with ADHD comorbid with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). While the ADHD symptoms are clear with this patient, there are other behaviors that may suggest DMDD. These include, irritability, anger, and temper outbursts (National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2017); all of which have been described by the teacher and her mother. Trouble functioning due to irritability has also been described by both the patient’s mother and teacher, which is another criterion for this diagnosis (NIMH, 2017).

Pharmacologic Agents

Extended-release stimulants are the first-line treatment for children with ADHD (Brown et al., 2018). Either Methylphenidate or Amphetamine should be chosen and depending on how the patient tolerates the drug, as well as how well their symptoms improve will depend on dosing. This patient was initially given D-methylphenidate, however, she had insomnia and her ODD symptoms persisted and as a result the medication had to be changed. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) proved to be the most beneficial for this client.

Lessons Learned

Treating a child with ADHD can be tricky. There are several different preparations that one must consider before initiating treatment. I also noted that while stimulants are good for treating ADHD and ODD, in this case, polypharmacy was more beneficial as there were no changes with her ODD symptoms until guanfacine was added. These cases have shown me how imperative it is to get complete assessment before diagnosing so that nothing (or very little) will be missed. Ruling out other possible neurodevelopmental disorders is essential so that treatment can be efficient and accurate.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Brown, K. A., Samuel, S., & Patel, D. R. (2018, January). Pharmacologic management of

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a review for practitioners. Translational Pedicatrics, 7(1), 36-47. doi:10.21037/tp.2017.08.02

Conduct Disorder. (2018, June). In American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Retrieved from https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Conduct-Disorder-033.aspx

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. (2017, January). In National Institute of Mental

Health. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder-dmdd/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder.shtml

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). (2019, May). In American Academy of

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved from https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Disruptive-Mood-Dysregulation-Disorder-_DMDD_-110.aspx

Felt, B. T., Biermann, B., Christner, J. G., Kochhar, P., & Van Harrison, R. (2014, October 1).

Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children. American Family Physician, 90(7), 456-464. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/1001/p456.html

Stahl, S. M. (2017). Essential Psychopharmacology Prescriber’s Guide (6th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical

            applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

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Bioethics

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For the Final Project II: Bioethics, you will analyze the Terri Schiavo case through the lens of bioethics. You will find resources to help get you started on the case in this week’s module resources and the case is also referenced in chapter 13 of your textbook.

To complete this assignment, review the Milestone Three Guideline and Rubric sheet attached below.

PLEASE respond to paper answering all questions provided within the rubric atached below and the Terri Case attached!

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/us/from-private-ordeal-to-national-fight-the-case-of-terri-schiavo.html?_r=0

Review the Schiavo case as covered by the New York Times. Also watch the video (12:57) included with the article.

Terri Schiavo Documentary: The Case’s Enduring Legacy (13:06)

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Monumental Architecture and Sculpture

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Question 1: Monumental Architecture and Sculpture
The cultures we studied this week produced architecture, earthworks, and monumental sculpture, in addition to smaller works of art. Using your course textbook locate three examples of architecture, earthworks or monumental sculpture from three different cultures listed here: Islamic, Chinese, Japanese, or the Americas.

First, completely identify each structure or sculpture you would like to discuss by listing its name, date, and location.

In a minimum of 3 well-developed paragraphs address the following questions:

Who created each work of architecture or sculpture? Who commissioned its creation?
What historical events or social or cultural influences affected the creation of each work?
How do the visual characteristics of each work contribute to or enhance its message or meaning?
Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific details about each work of architecture or monumental sculpture.

Question 2: The Function of Art Objects
Some of the art objects created by the cultures surveyed this week served functional roles in their society. Using your course textbook locate three such objects, one each from the following: Islamic, Asian (Chinese or Japanese), and African.

First, completely identify each object you would like to discuss by listing its name, date, and location.

In a minimum of 2 well-developed paragraphs discuss:

What was the function of each object at the time of its creation?
What historical events or social or cultural influences affected the creation of each work?
How do the visual characteristics of each object contribute to or enhance our understanding of its meaning?
Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific details about each work.

Respond to both questions as thoroughly as possible, making sure to use information from the readings and the lectures. All responses should be in complete sentence form, using proper spelling and grammar.

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Approach to Care

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NRS 410V Module 2 Approach to Care

Pathophysiology and Nursing Management of Clients Health -Genetic Alterations and Cancer

Write a paper (1,250-1,750 words) describing the approach to care of cancer. In addition, include the following in your paper:

1. Describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer.

2. Describe at least three complications of cancer, the side effects of treatment, and methods to lessen physical and psychological effects.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

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electrical engineer

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Mary is a 35 years old electrical engineer who presents to the office for evaluation of a rash on her face that has been present for 1 week. She denies new soaps, detergents, lotions, environmental exposures, medications, and foods. The rash is across her face and the bridge of her nose. She states that she first noticed it after spending a week hiking and camping in the Appalachians. The lesions itch and are painful. She has not tried anything to make it better, but she has noticed that going outdoors makes it worse. She denies any spread of the rash to other areas. She has never had this rash before.

She has noticed some increased fatigue, fever, and weight loss. She denies headache, sore throat, ear pain, nasal or sinus congestion, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal pain, and pain with urination, constipation, or diarrhea. She does have mouth soreness. She has noticed some increased muscle aches and pains, which are worse in the hand and wrist. She denies early morning joint stiffness or difficulty with being able to move in the morning. She denies temperature intolerance, polyuria, polydipsia, or polyphagia.

She had a tonsillectomy at age 9 for chronic strep throat infections. She has been healthy as an adult. She has never had children. She has never been hospitalized for any reason.

Her family history is significant for a mother with rheumatoid arthritis. Her father is healthy.

She does not smoke; she drinks a glass of wine nearly every night with her dinner; she denies illicit drug use. She completed a master’s degree in engineering. She has lived with her boyfriend for the past 5 years.

Patient is an alert young woman, sitting comfortably on the examination table. BP 112/66 mm Hg; HR 62 BPM and regular; respiratory rate 12 breaths/min; temperature 100.3°F. Several erythematous plaques scattered over the cheeks and the bridge of nose, sparing the nasolabial folds. Normocephalic, atraumatic. Sclera white, conjunctivae clear; pupils constrict from 4 mm to 2 mm and equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. Oropharynx moist with erythema in the posterior pharyngeal wall; no exudates; shallow ulcers in the buccal mucosa bilaterally. Neck supple without cervical lymphadenopathy or thyromegaly. Full range of motion; no swelling or deformity; muscles with normal bulk and tone.

Instructions:

    Make a whole history and physical examination in a comprehensive manner with all its elements included: CC, HPI, PMH, FH, SH, MEDICATIONS, ALLERGIES, ROS PER APPARATUS OR SYSTEMNS, HEAD TO TOE PHYSIACL EXAMINATION PER SYSTEMS ( write your presentation in H&P format no paragraph format).

 

          Based on this information, what is your presumptive nursing diagnosis? All nursing diagnosis that apply to the case written in NANDA format related to … and evidence by…., NO MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS.

  Teaching plan and nursing care plan per each nursing diagnosis on this case.

Requirements.

1- All written assignment and documentations must be  in APA 6th edition format.

2- Double spaces, minimum 4 pages long , minimum 3 up to date bibliography. (UP to date means last 3 years.), Note: you can use your test book as bibliography too, bibliography have to be written in APA format.

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coronary ostia

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1. Question: The coronary ostia are located in the:

2. Question: Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants?

3. Question: Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic?

4. Question: What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?

5. Question: Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infant’s:

6. Question: Causes of hyperkalemia include:

7. Question: Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia?

8. Question: The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?

9. Question: When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds?

10. Question: Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

11. Question: What is the final stage of the infectious process?

12. Question: How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported?

13. Question: When a patient has small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days, which sexually transmitted infection is suspected?

14. Question: An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody?

15. Question: Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?

16. Question: What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

17. Question: Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?

18. Question: What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

19. Question: The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the:

20. Question: Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur?

21. Question: What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men?

22. Question: Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection?

23. Question: The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

24. Question: What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?

25. Question: An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

26. Question: Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:

27. Question: Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

28. Question: What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children?

29. Question: If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate (depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV) node depolarize?

30. Question: Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):

31. Question: Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?

32. Question: How is most carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood transported?

33. Question: When the bladder accumulates 250 to 300 ml of urine, it contracts and the internal urethral sphincter relaxes through activation of the spinal reflex arc (known as the micturition reflex).

34. Question: Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscles cells, thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate?

35. Question: Which statement best describes a Schilling test?

36. Question: Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure?

37. Question: Which disorder results in decreased erythrocytes and platelets with changes in leukocytes and has clinical manifestations of pallor, fatigue, petechiae, purpura, bleeding, and fever?

38. Question: What is the life span of platelets (in days)?

39. Question: What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells?

40. Question: Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

41. Question: The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location?

42. Question: During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?

43. Question: In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial-to-complete absence of T-cell immunity?

44. Question: Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

45. Question: What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?

46. Question: Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life?

47. Question: It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding?

48. Question: Research supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact on reducing the risk of which cancer?

49. Question: Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge?

50. Question: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?

51. Question: Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?

52. Question: Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

53. Question: Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

54. Question: What is the major concern regarding the treatment of gonococci infections?

55. Question: What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?

56. Question: Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?

57. Question: The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur?

58. Question: Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?

59. Question: Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?

60. Question: Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?

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Adaptive Response

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Assignment: Adaptive Response

As an advanced practice nurse, you will examine patients presenting with a variety of disorders. You must, therefore, understand how the body normally functions so that you can identify when it is reacting to changes. Often, when changes occur in body systems, the body reacts with compensatory mechanisms. These compensatory mechanisms, such as adaptive responses, might be signs and symptoms of alterations or underlying disorders. In the clinical setting, you use these responses, along with other patient factors, to lead you to a diagnosis.

Consider the following scenarios:

Scenario 1:

Jennifer is a 2-year-old female who presents with her mother. Mom is concerned because Jennifer has been “running a temperature” for the last 3 days. Mom says that Jennifer is usually healthy and has no significant medical history. She was in her usual state of good health until 3 days ago when she started to get fussy, would not eat her breakfast, and would not sit still for her favorite television cartoon. Since then she has had a fever off and on, anywhere between 101oF and today’s high of 103.2oF. Mom has been giving her ibuprofen, but when the fever went up to 103.2oF today, she felt that she should come in for evaluation. A physical examination reveals a height and weight appropriate 2-year-old female who appears acutely unwell.  Her skin is hot and dry. The tympanic membranes are slightly reddened on the periphery, but otherwise normal in appearance. The throat is erythematous with 4+ tonsils and diffuse exudates. Anterior cervical nodes are readily palpable and clearly tender to touch on the left side. The child indicates that her throat hurts “a lot” and it is painful to swallow. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 102.8oF, a pulse of 128 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 24 beats per minute.

Scenario 2:

Jack is a 27-year-old male who presents with redness and irritation of his hands. He reports that he has never had a problem like this before, but about 2 weeks ago he noticed that both his hands seemed to be really red and flaky. He denies any discomfort, stating that sometimes they feel “a little bit hot,” but otherwise they feel fine. He does not understand why they are so red. His wife told him that he might have an allergy and he should get some steroid cream. Jack has no known allergies and no significant medical history except for recurrent ear infections as a child. He denies any traumatic injury or known exposure to irritants. He is a maintenance engineer in a newspaper building and admits that he often works with abrasive solvents and chemicals. Normally he wears protective gloves, but lately they seem to be in short supply so sometimes he does not use them. He has exposed his hands to some of these cleaning fluids, but says that it never hurt and he always washed his hands when he was finished.

Scenario 3:

Martha is a 65-year-old woman who recently retired from her job as an administrative assistant at a local hospital. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, which has been controlled for years with hydrochlorothiazide. She reports that lately she is having a lot of trouble sleeping, she occasionally feels like she has a “racing heartbeat,” and she is losing her appetite. She emphasizes that she is not hungry like she used to be. The only significant change that has occurred lately in her life is that her 87-year-old mother moved into her home a few years ago. Mom had always been healthy, but she fell down a flight of stairs and broke her hip. Her recovery was a difficult one, as she has lost a lot of mobility and independence and needs to rely on her daughter for assistance with activities of daily living. Martha says it is not the retirement she dreamed about, but she is an only child and is happy to care for her mother. Mom wakes up early in the morning, likes to bathe every day, and has always eaten 5 small meals daily. Martha has to put a lot of time into caring for her mother, so it is almost a “blessing” that Martha is sleeping and eating less. She is worried about her own health though and wants to know why, at her age, she suddenly needs less sleep.

To Prepare

· Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 6 in the Huether and McCance text.

· Identify the pathophysiology of the disorders presented in each of the three scenarios, including their associated alterations. Consider the adaptive responses to the alterations.

· Review the examples of “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in this week’s Learning Resources. Then select one of the disorders you identified from the scenarios. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations.

· Review the Application Assignment Rubric found under Course Information

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper excluding the title page, reference page and Mind Map that addresses the following:

· For each of the three scenarios explain the pathophysiology, associated alterations and the patients’ adaptive responses to the alterations caused by the disease processes.  You are required to discuss all three scenarios within the paper component of this assignment.

· Construct one mind map on a selected disorder presented in one of the scenarios. Your Mind Map must include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations.

USE RESOURCE BELOW FOR REFERENCES 

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

  • Chapter 6, “Innate Immunity:      Inflammation and Wound Healing”

This chapter examines how the body responds to injury and infection by exploring the first, second, and third lines of defense. It also covers wound healing and alterations of the wound healing process.

  • Chapter 7, “Adaptive      Immunity”

This chapter examines the third line of defense, adaptive immunity. It also covers the roles of antigens and immunogens, the humoral immune response, cell-mediated immunity, and the production of B and T lymphocytes in the immune response.

  • Chapter 8, “Infection and      Defects in Mechanism of Defense”

This chapter covers the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of disorders resulting from infection, deficiencies in immunity, and hypersensitivity. It also examines the pathophysiology of an important immune disorder—HIV/AIDS.

  • Chapter 9, “Stress and      Disease”

This chapter evaluates the impact of stress on various body systems and the immune system. It also examines coping mechanisms and disorders related to stress.

  • Chapter 10, “Biology of      Cancer”

This chapter explores the developmental process of cancer and factors that impact the onset of cancer at the cellular level. It also describes various treatment options.

  • Chapter 11, “Cancer      Epidemiology”

This chapter reviews genetic, environmental, behavioral, and diet-related risk factors for cancer. It also examines types of cancers that result from risk factors.

  • Chapter 12, “Cancer in      Children and Adolescents”

This chapter focuses on the presentation and prognosis of childhood cancers. It examines the impact of genetic and environmental factors on these cancers.

  • Chapter 38, “Structure and      Function of the Musculoskeletal System”

This chapter covers the structure and function of bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. It also explores effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system.

  • Chapter 39, “Alterations of      Musculoskeletal Function”

This chapter examines the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of bone, joints, and skeletal muscle disorders. Additionally, it explores musculoskeletal tumors, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

  • Chapter 40, “Alterations of      Musculoskeletal Function in Children”

This chapter includes musculoskeletal disorders that affect children, such as congenital defects, bone infection, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, muscular dystrophy, musculoskeletal tumors, and nonaccidental trauma.

  • Chapter 41, “Structure,      Function, and Disorders of the Integument”

This chapter begins with an overview of the structure and function of skin. It then covers effects of aging on skin, as well as disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

  • Chapter 42, “Alterations of      Integument in Children”

This chapter covers alterations of the integument that affect children. These include acne vulgaris, dermatitis, infections of the skin, insect bites and parasites, vascular disorders, and other skin disorders.

Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

  • Chapter 3, “Disorders of the      Immune System”

This chapter explores the anatomy and physiology of the immune system. It also explores the pathophysiology of various immune disorders such as primary immunodeficiency diseases and AIDS.

  • Chapter 8, “Diseases of the      Skin”

This chapter begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of skin. It also explores the pathophysiology of various types of skin lesions and inflammatory skin diseases.

  • Chapter 24, “Inflammatory      Rheumatic Disease”

This chapter explores the pathogenesis of inflammation and its role in rheumatic diseases. It also examines the clinical presentation, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of rheumatic diseases such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis.

Required Media

Zimbron, J.  (2008). Mind maps—Dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.medmaps.co.uk/beta/

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. [Image]. Used with permission of MedMaps.

This media provides examples of mind maps for dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

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