Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Respiratory Disorders

To the untrained ear, most coughs sound the same. However, as you might recall from past clinical experiences, a simple cough can lead to a patient diagnosis of a common cold, pneumonia, or even a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although it can sometimes be challenging to diagnose a patient based on common respiratory symptoms such as congestion, coughing, and wheezing, it is important to be able to distinguish minor differences as even mild symptoms might require intervention with drug treatments. When recommending potential treatment options, advanced practice nurses must consider how individual patient factors might impact the effects of prescribed drugs.

To prepare:

• -Review Chapter 26 and Chapter 27 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.
• -Select and research one of the following respiratory disorders: the common cold, pneumonia, or a chronic obstructive —-pulmonary disease (COPD) such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis. Consider types of drugs that would be prescribed to patients to treat symptoms associated with this disorder.
• -Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how this factor might impact effects of prescribed drugs, as well as any measures you might take to help reduce negative side effects.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

Post a description of the respiratory disorder you selected including types of drugs that would be prescribed to patients to treat associated symptoms. Then, explain how the factor you selected might impact effects of prescribed drugs, as well as any measures you might take to help reduce negative side effects.

THE DISCUSSION IS IN APA, MINIMUM 3 REFERENCES NOT OLDER THAN 2013 AND CITATION.

Required Readings

Arcangelo,  V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.).  (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced  practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams  & Wilkins.
Chapter 18, “Otitis Media and Otitis Externa” (pp. 243-252)
This chapter compares the causes and pathophysiology of two common ear infections—otitis media and otitis externa. It also identifies types of drugs used to treat these ear infections.

Chapter 24, “Upper Respiratory Infections” (pp. 259-374)
This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of two upper respiratory infections—the common cold and sinusitis—as well as drug therapy for both infections. It also covers monitoring patient response and patient education of drug therapy for these infections.

Chapter 25, “Asthma” (pp. 377-392)
This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, pharmacogenomics, and diagnostic criteria of asthma. It also outlines suggested drug therapy plans for asthmatic patients.

Chapter 26, “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” (pp. 395-406)
This chapter explains the causes and pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It also examines the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for COPD patients.

Chapter 27, “Bronchitis and Pneumonia” (pp. 407-424)
This chapter begins by examining the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. It then explores the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for patients with bronchitis and pneumonia.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2007). Expert panel report 3 (EPR3): Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.htm

This website presents guidelines for diagnosing and managing asthma and outlines treatment recommendations for specific age groups.

Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Respiratory DisordersTo the untrained ear, most coughs sound the same. However, as you might recall from past clinical experiences, a simple cough can lead to a patient diagnosis of a common cold, pneumonia, or even a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although it can sometimes be challenging to diagnose a patient based on common respiratory symptoms such as congestion, coughing, and wheezing, it is important to be able to distinguish minor differences as even mild symptoms might require intervention with drug treatments. When recommending potential treatment options, advanced practice nurses must consider how individual patient factors might impact the effects of prescribed drugs.

To prepare:

• Review Chapter 26 and Chapter 27 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.
• Select and research one of the following respiratory disorders: the common cold, pneumonia, or a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis. Consider types of drugs that would be prescribed to patients to treat symptoms associated with this disorder.
• Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how this factor might impact effects of prescribed drugs, as well as any measures you might take to help reduce negative side effects.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

Post a description of the respiratory disorder you selected including types of drugs that would be prescribed to patients to treat associated symptoms. Then, explain how the factor you selected might impact effects of prescribed drugs, as well as any measures you might take to help reduce negative side effects.

Required Readings

Arcangelo,  V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.).  (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced  practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams  & Wilkins.
Chapter 18, “Otitis Media and Otitis Externa” (pp. 243-252)
This chapter compares the causes and pathophysiology of two common ear infections—otitis media and otitis externa. It also identifies types of drugs used to treat these ear infections.

Chapter 24, “Upper Respiratory Infections” (pp. 259-374)
This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of two upper respiratory infections—the common cold and sinusitis—as well as drug therapy for both infections. It also covers monitoring patient response and patient education of drug therapy for these infections.

Chapter 25, “Asthma” (pp. 377-392)
This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, pharmacogenomics, and diagnostic criteria of asthma. It also outlines suggested drug therapy plans for asthmatic patients.

Chapter 26, “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” (pp. 395-406)
This chapter explains the causes and pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It also examines the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for COPD patients.

Chapter 27, “Bronchitis and Pneumonia” (pp. 407-424)
This chapter begins by examining the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. It then explores the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for patients with bronchitis and pneumonia.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2007). Expert panel report 3 (EPR3): Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.htm

This website presents guidelines for diagnosing and managing asthma and outlines treatment recommendations for specific age groups.

1. Provide a concise introduction for your posting.

2. Reflect upon a leader who impacted your practice.

a. How was this person an effective leader?

b. What leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) did the person possess?

c. How did this person impact others?

3. Share a self-assessment of your leadership KSAs; explain how they reflect the constructs within the Chamberlain College of Nursing Conceptual Framework.

4. Discuss the significance of leadership competencies and personal leadership acumen to your future MSN role and specialty track.

5. Conclude with a succinct synopsis of key points and concise self-reflection of how this topic contributes to your growth as a future leader in the chosen specialty track.

Requirement

· Your primary posting must be a minimum of 300 words and no more than 500 words in length (not including the reference list).

o A minimum of two peer-reviewed scholarly sources, current within five years, are required to support the primary posting.

· Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, punctuation, sentence and paragraph structure are followed and consistent with formal, scholarly writing as noted in the APA Manual (6th edition).

· Correct APA format is used for citing and referencing of sources.

· Includes an introduction to the posting

· Addresses each element within the discussion question in a thorough manner

· Demonstrates insightful application of course concepts and information

· Includes a summary of key points shared

· Discusses how learning specific to this topic contributes to growth as future leader in the chosen specialty track

Integrates scholarly support to validate assertions made

Discussion: Using the Walden Library Where can you find evidence to inform your thoughts and scholarly writing? Throughout your degree program, you will use research literature to explore ideas, guide your thinking, and gain new insights. As you search the research literature, it is important to use resources that are peer-reviewed and from scholarly journals. You may already have some favorite online resources and databases that you use or have found useful in the past.For this Discussion, you explore databases available through the Walden Library.

To Prepare: • Review the information presented in the Resources for using the Walden Library, searching the databases, and evaluating online resources.  • Begin searching for a peer-reviewed article that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest to you.

Post the following: Using proper APA formatting, cite the peer-reviewed article you selected that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest to you and identify the database that you used to search for the article. Explain any difficulties you experienced while searching for this article. Would this database be useful to your colleagues? Explain why or why not. Would you recommend this database? Explain why or why not Support main post with 3 of more current, credible sources and cite source within content of posting and on a reference list in proper APA.  My practice will be Mental Health nurse practitioner. Thanks

Linear Regression Exercises Due 10/13/17 by 10 pm

Simple Regression

Research Question: Does the number of hours worked per week (workweek) predict family income (income)?

Using Polit2SetA data set, run a simple regression using Family Income (income) as the outcome variable (Y) and Number of Hours Worked per Week (workweek) as the independent variable (X). When conducting any regression analysis, the dependent (outcome) variables is always (Y) and is placed on the y-axis, and the independent (predictor) variable is always (X) and is placed on the x-axis.

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

1. Open Polit2SetA data set.

2. Click on Analyze, then click on Regression, then Linear.

3. Move the dependent variable (income) in the box labeled “Dependent” by clicking the arrow button. The dependent variable is a continuous variable.

4. Move the independent variable (workweek) into the box labeled “Independent.”

5. Click on the Statistics button (right side of box) and click on Descriptives, Estimates, Confidence Interval (should be 95%), and Model Fit, then click on Continue.

6. Click on OK.

Assignment: Through analysis of the SPSS output, answer the following questions. Answer questions 1 – 10 individually, not in paragraph form

1. What is the total sample size?

2. What is the mean income and mean number of hours worked?

3. What is the correlation coefficient between the outcome and predictor variables? Is it significant? How would you describe the strength and direction of the relationship?

4. What it the value of R squared (coefficient of determination)? Interpret the value.

5. Interpret the standard error of the estimate? What information does this value provide to the researcher?

6. The model fit is determined by the ANOVA table results (F statistic = 37.226, 1,376 degrees of freedom, and the p value is .001). Based on these results, does the model fit the data? Briefly explain. (Hint: A significant finding indicates good model fit.)

7. Based on the coefficients, what is the value of the y-intercept (point at which the line of best fit crosses the y-axis)?

8. Based on the output, write out the regression equation for predicting family income.

9. Using the regression equation, what is the predicted monthly family income for women working 35 hours per week?

10. Using the regression equation, what is the predicted monthly family income for women working 20 hours per week?

For this assignment, answer question 1 through 10 individually. DO NOT ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM.

Multiple Regression

Assignment: In this assignment we are trying to predict CES-D score (depression) in women. The research question is: How well do age, educational attainment, employment, abuse, and poor health predict depression?

Using Polit2SetC data set, run a multiple regression using CES-D Score (cesd) as the outcome variable (Y) and respondent’s age (age), educational attainment (educatn), currently employed (worknow), number, types of abuse (nabuse), and poor health (poorhlth) as the independent variables (X). When conducting any regression analysis, the dependent (outcome) variables is always (Y) and is placed on the y-axis, and the independent (predictor) variable is always (X) and is placed on the x-axis.

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

1. Open Polit2SetC data set.

2. Click on Analyze, then click on Regression, then Linear.

3. Move the dependent variable, CES-D Score (cesd) into the box labeled “Dependent” by clicking on the arrow button. The dependent variable is a continuous variable.

4. Move the independent variables (age, educatn, worknow, and poorhlth) into the box labeled “Independent.” This is the first block of variables to be entered into the analysis (block 1 of 1). Click on the bottom (top right of independent box), marked “Next”; this will give you another box to enter the next block of indepdent variables (block 2 of 2). Here you are to enter (nabuse). Note: Be sure the Method box states “Enter”.

5. Click on the Statistics button (right side of box) and click on Descriptives, Estimates, Confidence Interval (should be 95%), R square change, and Model Fit, and then click on Continue.

6. Click on OK.

Assignment: (When answering all questions, use the data on the coefficients panel from Model 2). Answer questions 1 – 5 individually, not in paragraph form

1. Analyze the data from the SPSS output and write a paragraph summarizing the findings. (Use the example in the SPSS output file as a guide for your write-up.)

2. Which of the predictors were significant predictors in the model?

3. Which of the predictors was the most relevant predictor in the model?

4. Interpret the unstandardized coefficents for educational attainment and poor health.

5. If you wanted to predict a woman’s current CES-D score based on the analysis, what would the unstandardized regression equation be? Include unstandardized coefficients in the equation.

For this assignment, answer question 1 through 5 individually. DO NOT ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM.

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

• Chapter 24, “Using      Statistics to Predict”

This chapter asserts that predictive analyses are based on probability theory instead of decision theory. It also analyzes how variation plays a critical role in simple linear regression and multiple regression.

Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research

• Chapter 9, “Correlation and      Simple Regression” (pp. 208–222)

This section of Chapter 9 discusses the simple regression equation and outlines major components of regression, including errors of prediction, residuals, OLS regression, and ordinary least-square regression.

• Chapter 10, “Multiple      Regression”

Chapter 10 focuses on multiple regression as a statistical procedure and explains multivariate statistics and their relationship to multiple regression concepts, equations, and tests.

• Chapter 12, “Logistic      Regression”

This chapter provides an overview of logistic regression, which is a form of statistical analysis frequently used in nursing research.

Optional Resources

Walden University. (n.d.). Linear regression. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_linear_regression.html

Advanced registered nurses work in highly collaborative environments and must collaborate with interdisciplinary teams in order to provide excellent patient care. Besides knowing the role and scope of one’s own practice, it is essential to understand the role and scope of other nurse specialties to ensure effective collaboration among nurses, the organization, and other professionals with whom advanced registered nurses regularly interact.

Use the “Nursing Roles Graphic Organizer Template” to differentiate how advanced registered nurse roles relate to and collaborate with different areas of nursing practice. Compare your future role with one of the following: nurse educator; nurse leader; family nurse practitioner; acute care nurse practitioner; graduate nurse with an emphasis/specialty in public health, health care administration, business, or informatics; clinical nurse specialist; doctor of nursing practice. Indicate in the appropriate columns on the template which roles you are comparing.

Make sure to compare the following areas of practice in your graphic organizer:

1. Ethics
2. Education
3. Leadership
4. Public Health
5. Health Care Administration
6. Informatics
7. Business/Finance
8. Specialty (e.g., Family, Acute Care)

Include any regulatory bodies or certification agencies that provide guidance or parameters on how these roles incorporate concepts into practice.