1. Using the graph that you created in Graph 1 as a reference, where should the pipet float if the solution was a 13.0% sugar solution? How do you know this?

2. Using the graph that you created in Graph 1 as a reference, determine the carbohydrate content of the three beverages that you measured with your hydrometer.

3. Describe how your results compare to those listed on the food labels for the three beverages (recorded in Data Table 2). Calculate the percent error for each and show your work.

4. What is a monosaccharide and what is its chemical composition?

5. Why do food industries need to determine carbohydrate content? How many Calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrates?

6. How are carbohydrates separated from fats and proteins in foods that contain all three macronutrients?

7. Describe two methods for calculating carbohydrate content that were not used in this laboratory.

8. Define the relative density of a substance. Describe how you used the relative density to determine the carbohydrate content of the three unknown substances.

Module 1 – SLP

INTRODUCTION TO THE U.S. HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

The overall goal of the Session Long Project is to examine health care delivery in the United States from a strategic perspective.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or in short Affordable Care Act, changed the landscape of the health care industry. For this assignment, read the article “Information asymmetries and risk management in healthcare markets: The U.S. Affordable Care Act (ACA) in retrospect” by Mendoza, and write a paper to respond to the following questions:

1. Discuss the “moral theory” contained in this article.
2. Explain whether you agree or disagree with the author that the ACA was an answer to health care accessibility.
3. Explain whether you believe or do not believe that ACA will improve patient care.
4. Discuss what you think President Trump should do with the ACA.
5. Discuss what strategies you would recommend to deal with economic realities of health care based on your own research.

Length: Submit a 3-page paper, not including the cover page and the reference list.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric. You can view it under Assessments at the top of the page. Review it before you begin working on the assignment. Your work should also follow these Assignment Expectations.

Case Study 3 & 4 (10 Points)

Students much review the case study and answer all questions with a scholarly response using APA and include 2 scholarly references. Answer both case studies on the same document and upload 1 document to Moodle.
Case Studies will be uploaded to Moodle and put through TURN-It-In (anti-Plagiarism program)
Turn it in Score must be less than 50% or will not be accepted for credit, must be your own work and in your own words. You can resubmit, Final submission will be accepted if less than 50%. Copy paste from websites or textbooks will not be accepted or tolerated. Please see College Handbook with reference to Academic Misconduct Statement.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Case Study

The patient is an 11-year-old girl who has been complaining of intermittent right lower quadrant pain and diarrhea for the past year. She is small for her age. Her physical examination indicates some mild right lower quadrant tenderness and fullness. Studies Results Hemoglobin (Hgb), 8.6 g/dL (normal: >12 g/dL) Hematocrit (Hct), 28% (normal: 31%-43%) Vitamin B12 level, 68 pg/mL (normal: 100-700 pg/mL) Meckel scan, No evidence of Meckel diverticulum D-Xylose absorption, 60 min: 8 mg/dL (normal: >15-20 mg/dL) 120 min: 6 mg/dL (normal: >20 mg/dL) Lactose tolerance, No change in glucose level (normal: >20 mg/dL rise in glucose) Small bowel series, Constriction of multiple segments of the small intestine Diagnostic Analysis The child’s small bowel series is compatible with Crohn disease of the small intestine. Intestinal absorption is diminished, as indicated by the abnormal D-xylose and lactose tolerance tests. Absorption is so bad that she cannot absorb vitamin B12. As a result, she has vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. She was placed on an aggressive immunosuppressive regimen, and her condition improved significantly. Unfortunately, 2 years later she experienced unremitting obstructive symptoms and required surgery. One year after surgery, her gastrointestinal function was normal, and her anemia had resolved. Her growth status matched her age group. Her absorption tests were normal, as were her B12 levels. Her immunosuppressive drugs were discontinued, and she is doing well.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Why was this patient placed on immunosuppressive therapy?

2. Why was the Meckel scan ordered for this patient?

3. What are the clinical differences and treatment options for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease? (always on boards)

4. What is prognosis for patients with IBD and what are the follow up recommendations for managing disease?

Urinary Obstruction

Case Studies

The 57-year-old patient noted urinary hesitancy and a decrease in the force of his urinary stream for several months. Both had progressively become worse. His physical examination was essentially negative except for an enlarged prostate, which was bulky and soft. Studies Results Routine laboratory studies Within normal limits (WNL) Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) Mild indentation of the interior aspect of the bladder, indicating an enlarged prostate Uroflowmetry with total voided flow of 225 mL 8 mL/sec (normal: >12 mL/sec) Cystometry Resting bladder pressure: 35 cm H2O (normal: <40 cm H2O) Peak bladder pressure: 50 cm H2O (normal: 40-90 cm H2O) Electromyography of the pelvic sphincter muscle Normal resting bladder with a positive tonus limb Cystoscopy Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) 0.5 units/L (normal: 0.11-0.60 units/L) Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 1.0 ng/mL (normal: <4 ng/mL) Prostate ultrasound Diffusely enlarged prostate; no localized tumor Diagnostic Analysis Because of the patient’s symptoms, bladder outlet obstruction was highly suspected. Physical examination indicated an enlarged prostate. IVP studies corroborated that finding. The reduced urine flow rate indicated an obstruction distal to the urinary bladder. Because the patient was found to have a normal total voided volume, one could not say that the reduced flow rate was the result of an inadequately distended bladder. Rather, the bladder was appropriately distended, yet the flow rate was decreased. This indicated outlet obstruction. The cystogram indicated that the bladder was capable of mounting an effective pressure and was not an atonic bladder compatible with neurologic disease. The tonus limb again indicated the bladder was able to contract. The peak bladder pressure of 50 cm H2O was normal, again indicating appropriate muscular function of the bladder. Based on these studies, the patient was diagnosed with a urinary outlet obstruction. The PAP and PSA indicated benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The ultrasound supported that diagnosis. Cystoscopy documented that finding, and the patient was appropriately treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This patient did well postoperatively and had no major problems.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Does BPH predispose this patient to cancer?

2. Why are patients with BPH at increased risk for urinary tract infections?

3. What would you expect the patient’s PSA level to be after surgery?

4. What is the recommended screening guidelines and treatment for BPH?

5. What are some alternative treatments / natural homeopathic options for treatment?

1.    Definitions of the quality of medical care are no longer left to clinicians who decide for themselves what technical performance constitutes “good care.”  Name one (1) other dimension of quality care and why is it important?
2.            What is the primary method of continuous quality improvement (CQI) in health care, and what is its underlying premise?
3.            Since an ever-increasing amount of research is funded by commercial companies, what is your opinion on a requirement for authors of scientific studies who receive income from these companies to disclose funding sources in their scientific publications?

Future of Health Care Questions:

1.            Today’s not-for-profit hospitals and health systems are commonly multi-billion dollar tax-exempt organizations. What is your position on the new federal scrutiny upon, and reporting requirements for justifying the charitable missions of not-for-profit hospitals and health systems?
2.            In 1999, the Institute of medicine report, To Err is Human, generated a brief flurry of concerns about avoidable hospital deaths.  While progress has been made in addressing system errors and deficiencies, it remains inconsistent across the nation’s hospitals.  Fourteen years after this report, is it time for the professions, payers and the public to demand corrections of system problems in an accountable, transparent and publicly disclosed manner?  What form can or should these demands take?