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Transcultural Assessment Milestone

Course Project, Transcultural Assessment Milestone 1: Individual’s Profile (graded, 100 points)

Updated 9/2018

Purpose

The purpose of the Course Project is to give the student the opportunity to apply concepts in transcultural nursing by performing a transcultural nursing assessment.

The purpose of Milestone 1 is to identify an adult who is not a relative who is willing to participate in the transcultural assessment and to secure the instructor’s approval for the assessment. Note: The actual assessment does not occur until Milestone 3. It is not a purpose for this assignment.

Course Outcomes

CO1: Identify theories, concepts, and beliefs related to transcultural nursing. (PO1)

CO2: Communicate effectively with culturally diverse individuals, families, and organizations. (PO3)

CO4: Perform a culturally competent nursing assessment. (PO7)

Points

The entire project is worth 600 points. Milestone 1 is worth 100 points of this total.

Due Dates

You are to submit your completed NR394 Milestone 1 by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT, at the end of Week 3.

Requirements and Guidelines

1. Review the Course Outcomes for this assignment, which are listed above.

2. Review the guidelines for Milestones 1, 2, and 3, paying particular attention to Milestone 1 for this assignment. The guidelines for all of the Milestones are located in Modules on the left-hand navigation menu. Also, read the Course Project Overview page in Introduction & Resources for more details and helpful tips.

3. Identify a potential individual who has been living in a culture other than the one of origin for at least 2 years. This individual must be born outside the United States. The individual can be a patient, friend, or colleague, such as a physician, or acquaintance, but cannot be a relative. The individual must be living in your community and must be currently receiving or have previously received healthcare services in your community. The individual’s race, ethnicity, language, religion, and culturally based beliefs about healthcare and illness should be quite different from yours. The individual must speak your language. An interpreter is not permitted for the actual assessment, which occurs in Milestone 3 (Week 6).
Note: This is the same individual for whom you will develop verbal assessment questions in Milestone 2 and whom you will ask those questions in Milestone 3 and then reflect on your learning about the Course Project and the assessment.

4. Individuals can come from a variety of settings. Recent immigrants, migrant workers, exchange students, international students, long-term care residents, refugees, coworkers, physicians, patients, employees at local ethnic businesses, religious venues, community centers, and individuals who have recently moved to your community are some suggestions. The individual does not need to be a healthcare worker but must have received healthcare services in the country of origin as well as since arriving in the United States. Work with your instructor prior to submitting Milestone 1. Approval must be provided by your instructor before submitting Milestone 1 (this assignment).

5. Speak with the individual, and obtain permission to conduct an assessment later in the course. Clearly explain that statements made in the assessment will be recorded (written) and submitted to the instructor only. It is not intended for public distribution. Anonymity will be maintained by using first and last initials only. Do not use names in any of your documents.

6. Download the NR394_Individual_Profile_Template (Links to an external site.). Although you are not performing the official assessment until Milestone 3, it will be necessary to obtain some general information about your individual to complete Milestone 1. This information may come from the individual or Internet sources.

7. Fill in information about the potential individual using the template. You are expected to write clearly and use proper grammar and spelling and eliminate typos.

8. Submit the completed template by the end of Week 3 at 11:59 p.m. MT.

Example: KC was born in Hwidiem, Ghana, a small village in Africa, where he did not graduate from high school. He is 72 years old. He immigrated to the United States at age 28 and has lived in Grove City near Columbus, Ohio since then. Hwidiem is considered the provincial capital (fill in information about the community or city as you can find). He was married but divorced after a traumatic brain injury. Since then, he has had many part-time jobs and studies his Bible faithfully. Grove City is a town in Ohio (fill in information about the city or community). Currently, he receives healthcare for his hypertension control. I met him 3 years ago at a senior citizens’ center where I volunteer.

**Academic Integrity Reminder**

College of Nursing values honesty and integrity. All students should be aware of the Academic Integrity policy and follow it in all discussions and assignments.

By submitting this assignment, I pledge on my honor that all content contained is my own original work except as quoted and cited appropriately. I have not received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment.

Please see the grading criteria and rubrics on this page.

Note: Please use your browser’s File setting to save or print this page.

Rubric

NR394 Milestone_1 – May 2019

NR394 Milestone_1 – May 2019

Criteria

Ratings

Pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDescription of individual and culture/community of origin

Provides first and last initials of individual; states profession and/or career choice of individual; describes specifically the country/community/city of birth and culture of origin of individual.

25.0 pts

Provides both the first and last initial of individual, age, profession or career choice; country of birth and thoroughly describes culture/community/city of origin.

22.0 pts

Provides first and last initial of individual age; gives general descriptions of profession or career choice; clearly describes culture/community/city of origin.

20.0 pts

Provides first and last initials of individual. Mentions specific culture/community/city but details are incomplete; fails to mention profession or career choice.

9.0 pts

Mentions individual by name instead of initials, which breaks confidentiality. Vaguely describes culture/community/city of origin and profession or career choice.

0.0 pts

Does not provide initials of individual; fails to mention profession or career choice; does not describe specific culture of origin.

25.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTime in current community, and community

States the number of years individual has resided in your community. Provides a description of the individual’s current community.

20.0 pts

Indicates the number of years individual has resided in your community. Provides a detailed description of that community.

18.0 pts

Indicates the number of years individual has resided in the community. Provides a general description of that community.

16.0 pts

Indicates the number of years the individual has resided in this community. Provides a brief description of that community.

8.0 pts

Includes the number of years individual has resided in the community. Provides a vague description of that community.

0.0 pts

Does not include number of years individual has resided in the United States. Does not provide a description of that community

20.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRelationship with individual

Describes how nurse is acquainted with individual.

10.0 pts

Thoroughly identifies the relationship of nurse to the individual, with details of how long each has known the other and the circumstances under which they met.

9.0 pts

Clearly identifies the relationship of nurse to individual but fails to describe the length of the relationship and circumstances under which they met.

8.0 pts

Generally identifies relationship of nurse to individual, but does not provide details of the length of the relationship or the circumstances under which each met.

4.0 pts

Vaguely identifies relationship of nurse to individual, but does not provide details of the length of the relationship or the circumstances under which each met.

0.0 pts

Does not identify relationship of nurse to individual.

10.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeExplains reasons individual was selected, and individual’s interaction with previous and current community’s healthcare system.

Explains details of why individual was selected that speak to individual’s culture and experiences with previous and current healthcare systems.

40.0 pts

Explains at least four reasons why the individual was selected that speak to the individual’s culture of origin and experiences with the previous and current healthcare system.

31.0 pts

Explains three reasons why the individual was selected that mention the individual’s culture and experiences with previous and current the healthcare systems.

28.0 pts

Explains two reasons why the individual was selected but does not include those that speak to the individual’s culture of origin or experiences with previous and current healthcare systems.

13.0 pts

Explains only one reason why the individual was selected but does not include those that speak to the individual’s culture of origin or experiences with the previous or current healthcare systems.

0.0 pts

Does not explain reasons individual was selected, or gives reasons that do not include the individual’s culture of origin or experiences with the previous or current healthcare systems.

40.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeMechanics

Mechanics and formatting with minimal errors of the following: correct grammar and spelling using complete sentences

5.0 pts

Excellent mechanics and formatting used with minimal errors of the following: – correct grammar and spelling using complete sentences

4.0 pts

Good mechanics and formatting used and consideration given to the elements listed in the first column.

3.0 pts

Fair mechanics and formatting used and consideration given to the elements listed in the first column.

2.0 pts

Poor mechanics and formatting used and consideration given to the elements listed in the first column

0.0 pts

Very poor mechanics and formatting such that paper is difficult to read.

5.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTemplate Use

0.0 pts

0 points deducted

Correct template used.

0.0 pts

10 points (10%) deduction Incorrect template used or NO template used results in a loss of 10 points (10%).

0.0 pts

health care policy development

The benchmark assesses the following competencies:

1.4 Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

Research public health issues on the “Climate Change” or “Topics and Issues” pages of the American Public Health Association (APHA) website. Investigate a public health issue related to an environmental issue within the U.S. health care delivery system and examine its effect on a specific population.

Write a 750-1,000-word policy brief that summarizes the issue, explains the effect on the population, and proposes a solution to the issue.

Follow this outline when writing the policy brief:

Describe the policy health issue. Include the following information: (a) what population is affected, (b) at what level does it occur (local, state, or national), and (c) evidence about the issues supported by resources.
Create a problem statement.
Provide suggestions for addressing the health issue caused by the current policy. Describe what steps are required to initiate policy change. Include necessary stakeholders (government officials, administrator) and budget or funding considerations, if applicable.
Discuss the impact on the health care delivery system.
Include three peer-reviewed sources and two other sources to support the policy brief.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Critical Appraisal of Research

  • Review the Resources and consider the importance of critically appraising research evidence.
  • Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you selected in Module 2 and analyzed in Module 3.
  • Review and download the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template provided in the Resources.

(Evidence-Based Project)

Part 4A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected and analyzed by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template.

Part 4B: Critical Appraisal of Research

Based on your appraisal, in a 1-2-page critical appraisal, suggest a best practice that emerges from the research you reviewed. Briefly explain the best practice, justifying your proposal with APA citations of the research.

Systems Development Life Cycle

Respond by offering additional thoughts regarding the examples shared, Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC-related issues, and ideas on how the inclusion of nurses might have impacted the example described by your colleagues.

Main Post

                         Systems Development Life Cycle

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a process whereby a company or entity determines the need for the implementation of new technology.  SDLC provides information systems that are effective at incorporating the company’s business plan (McGonigle & Garver Mastrian, 2018).  It is essential that a working knowledge of the problems or issues are understood.  In the case of healthcare organizations, this means establishing an assessment that discovers the needs of each department (McGonigle & Garver Mastrian, 2018).  Most of the time when analyzing these needs an outside company is brought in to assess, interview, and determine the type of system that would benefit the company.

Consequences of Lack of Inclusion of Nurses

In the application of any new technology or policy, it is essential to trial it with the individuals that will be using it.  When considering an update or new system in the healthcare setting, it is beneficial to involve nurses in the decision-making process.  The Agency for Healthcare and Research (n.d.a) report that it is important to consult with nurses in the preliminary period of development.  By incorporating nurses into the initial design, the researchers learn nursing processes, possible new tasks, effect the technology will have on patient care, staffing needs, and usability of the design.  This analysis of workflow is used to determine the best use of technology (McGonigle & Garver Mastrian, 2018).  Including nurses in this process opens routes for discussion and collaboration that will benefit the designers and users.

Failure to include nurses in the planning stages of technology design is detrimental to the intended use of the new system.  A researcher or computer designer could miss critical elements of the nursing process due to their lack of knowledge regarding nursing procedures.  McGonigle & Mastrian (2018) state, “nursing informatics professionals should always be included in these activities to represent the needs of clinicians and to serve as a liaison for technological solutions to process problems” (p. 250).  The role of the informatics nurse and a nurse, in general, can play in designing technology is critical.  Their contribution to the analysis of workflow and clinical implications is invaluable information needed for the formation of a system that will be used to its potential.

An Example of Collaboration

A study was done in Canada to determine the impact of the initiation of computerized order entries for medications on nursing workflow and reduction of medication errors.  Registered nurses participated in a study where interviews and observations were used to study the effects of digital technology on the nursing process (Vito, Borycki, Kushniruk, & Schneider, 2017).  The researchers spent considerable time observing and recording how the technology affected nurses and the influence it made on time spent with patients.  This study is one example of the impact that nurses can have on the design and implementation of technology in the healthcare setting.

Current Healthcare Facility

When our facility transitioned to electronic health records (EHR) as an ER nurse, I was not involved in the planning.  The nurse informaticist I assume worked with the company to create templates that are in use today.  Within the ER portion of the EHR, there have been changes made because of nursing input.  As a unit, we have asked for an ED narrator to be developed with our order sets, documentation narrators, and medication administration policies.  Recently we asked for changes to our trauma narrator to include additional documentation options for different trauma levels.  As a group we have also discussed missing pieces of data that is beneficial for everyday use and discussed this with our leaders.  The leaders take this information to the information technology (IT) individuals that work directly with the EHR company and changes are then made.  There are times when the nurse’s input is not embraced due to financial constraints or leadership ability to see the need.  The size of the healthcare organization plays a significant role in the inclusion of nurses in decision-making practices.  Many variables exist to modification of technology in healthcare.  In an ideal setting, it would be ideal to include nurses throughout the design process.

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (n.d.a). Health IT evaluation toolkit and evaluation measures quick reference guide.  Retrieved April 17, 2019, from https://healthit.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/page/impact-of-hit-on-nurses-quick-reference-guide.pdf

McGonigle, D., & Garver Mastrian, K. (2018). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

Vito, R., Borycki, E., Kushniruk, A., & Schneider, T. (2017). The impact of computerized provider order entries on nursing practice. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics234, 364-369. doi:/10.3233/978-1-61499-742-9-364

e perspectives of prescribers,

You have been invited to assemble a task force to design a medication assistance program. You need to submit a proposal, regarding who you would invite, to the CEO. Consider the perspectives of prescribers, discharge planners, financial navigators, patients, suppliers, book keepers, subsidizers, lawmakers, etc…. If you were to seek the input of 5-7 stakeholders, who would you invite to the planning table, and why? Consider the need for a group facilitator. Who would that person be, and why?

Submit your group’s presentation as if you were making it for the CEO of a local hospital. It will be in a powerpoint presentation (10 slides, 1 title page, 1 reference page, 8 pages of information listed above).

Promoting Health Care Quality

Promoting Health Care Quality-  Quality Improvement Issue

To help you move forward with your Course Project, this week you identify a quality issue that you would like to address and submit a description of this issue for Instructor feedback.   Your proposed issue should reflect a genuine need for improvement within your selected health care organization. Through your Course Project, you will analyze this issue and propose strategies to improve outcome(s), including the redesign of a related process.

To prepare: •Review the six quality improvement aims from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) presented in Chapter 3 of the Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, and Shabot text.

•Conduct a search of the literature to help you identify a specific issue that warrants attention and action to promote quality improvement.

•Consider what you have surmised thus far through your analysis of the organization that you selected. What have you noticed that could help you identify a quality-related need for improvement? For instance:

•What has captured your attention in meetings, reports, and/or daily activities?

•Have you noticed discrepancies between activities in the organization and recommendations in the research literature, quality standards, and/or the organization’s stated policies and procedures?

•If so, what do you think could be the reason(s) for variations or gaps between what you have observed and what is recommended?

•Identify a quality improvement issue that you would like to investigate for this project.

The instructions for this assignment asks for students to identify a quality improvement issue, and provide a description of the issue they wish to pursue. This can be accomplished in 2 paragraphs.

ReferencesHickey, J. V., & Brosnan, C. A. (2017). Evaluation  of health care quality in for DNPs (2nd  ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

•Chapter 10, “Evaluation of Patient Care Standards, Guidelines, and Protocols” (pp. 207-226)

•Chapter 12, “Evaluating Populations and Population Health” (pp. 265-280) Chapter 10 reviews methods for using national, local, and organizational standards to evaluate the quality of health care practices. Chapter 12 examines strategies for identifying quality issues through the evaluation of populations.   Sadeghi, S., Barzi, A., Mikhail, O., & Shabot, M. M. (2013). Integrating quality and strategy in health care organizations, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

•Chapter 3, “General Concepts in Quality” (pp. 45–82) See the six aims for quality proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM).   Bellot, J. (2011). Defining and assessing organizational culture. Nursing Forum, 46(1), 29–37.

https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201870_27/MS_NURS/NURS_6231/artifacts/USW1_NURS_6231_Week04_Bellot_2011.pdf

Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

The Quadruple Aim provides broad categories of goals to pursue to maintain and improve healthcare. Within each goal are many issues that, if addressed successfully, may have a positive impact on outcomes. For example, healthcare leaders are being tasked to shift from an emphasis on disease management often provided in an acute care setting to health promotion and disease prevention delivered in primary care settings. Efforts in this area can have significant positive impacts by reducing the need for primary healthcare and by reducing the stress on the healthcare system.

Changes in the industry only serve to stress what has always been true; namely, that the healthcare field has always faced significant challenges, and that goals to improve healthcare will always involve multiple stakeholders. This should not seem surprising given the circumstances. Indeed, when a growing population needs care, there are factors involved such as the demands of providing that care and the rising costs associated with healthcare. Generally, it is not surprising that the field of healthcare is an industry facing multifaceted issues that evolve over time.

In this module’s Discussion, you reviewed some healthcare issues/stressors and selected one for further review. For this Assignment, you will consider in more detail the healthcare issue/stressor you selected. You will also review research that addresses the issue/stressor and write a white paper to your organization’s leadership that addresses the issue/stressor you selected.

To Prepare:

  • Review the national healthcare issues/stressors presented in the Resources and reflect on the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected for study.
  • Reflect on the feedback you received from your colleagues on your Discussion post for the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected.
  • Identify and review two additional scholarly resources (not included in the Resources for this module) that focus on change strategies implemented by healthcare organizations to address your selected national healthcare issue/stressor.

The Assignment (3-4 Pages):

Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

Develop a 3- to 4-page paper, written to your organization’s leadership team, addressing your selected national healthcare issue/stressor and how it is impacting your work setting. Be sure to address the following:

  • Describe the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected and its impact on your organization. Use organizational data to quantify the impact (if necessary, seek assistance from leadership or appropriate stakeholders in your organization).
  • Provide a brief summary of the two articles you reviewed from outside resources on the national healthcare issue/stressor. Explain how the healthcare issue/stressor is being addressed in other organizations.
  • Summarize the strategies used to address the organizational impact of national healthcare issues/stressors presented in the scholarly resources you selected. Explain how they may impact your organization both positively and negatively. Be specific and provide examples.

Looking Ahead

The paper you develop in Module 1 will be revisited and revised in Module 2. Review the Assignment instructions for Module 2 to prepare for your revised paper.

 

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Marshall, E., & Broome, M. (2017). Transformational leadership in nursing: From expert clinician to influential leader (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.
Chapter 2, “Understanding Contexts for Transformational Leadership: Complexity, Change, and Strategic Planning” (pp. 37–62)
Chapter 3, “Current Challenges in Complex Health Care Organizations: The Triple Aim” (pp. 63–86)

Read any TWO of the following (plus TWO additional readings on your selected issue):

Auerbach, D. I., Staiger, D. O., & Buerhaus, P. I. (2018). Growing ranks of advanced practice clinicians—Implications for the physician workforce. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(25), 2358–2360. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1801869
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Gerardi, T., Farmer, P., & Hoffman, B. (2018). Moving closer to the 2020 BSN-prepared workforce goal. American Journal of Nursing, 118(2), 43–45. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000530244.15217.aa
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Jacobs, B., McGovern, J., Heinmiller, J., & Drenkard, K. (2018). Engaging employees in well-being: Moving from the Triple Aim to the Quadruple Aim. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 42(3), 231–245. doi:10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000303
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Norful, A. A., de Jacq, K., Carlino, R., & Poghosyan, L. (2018). Nurse practitioner–physician comanagement: A theoretical model to alleviate primary care strain. Annals of Family Medicine, 16(3), 250–256. doi:10.1370/afm.2230
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Palumbo, M., Rambur, B., & Hart, V. (2017). Is health care payment reform impacting nurses’ work settings, roles, and education preparation? Journal of Professional Nursing, 33(6), 400–404. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2016.11.005
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Park, B., Gold, S. B., Bazemore, A., & Liaw, W. (2018). How evolving United States payment models influence primary care and its impact on the Quadruple Aim. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 31(4), 588–604. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2018.04.170388
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Pittman, P., & Scully-Russ, E. (2016). Workforce planning and development in times of delivery system transformation. Human Resources for Health, 14(56), 1–15. doi:10.1186/s12960-016-0154-3. Retrieved from https://human-resources-health.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12960-016-0154-3  

Poghosyan, L., Norful, A., & Laugesen, M. (2018). Removing restrictions on nurse practitioners’ scope of practice in New York state: Physicians’ and nurse practitioners’ perspectives. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 30(6), 354–360. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000040
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Ricketts, T., & Fraher, E. (2013). Reconfiguring health workforce policy so that education, training, and actual delivery of care are closely connected. Health Affairs, 32(11), 1874–1880. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0531
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

personal and medical history

Select a patient that you examined during the last three weeks. With this patient in mind, address the following in a SOAP Note:

  • Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding her personal and medical history?
  • Objective: What observations did you make during the physical assessment?
  • Assessment: What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses. List them from highest priority to lowest priority. What was your primary diagnosis and why?
  • Plan: What was your plan for diagnostics and primary diagnosis? What was your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan.
  • Reflection notes: What would you do differently in a similar patient evaluation?

What Would You Do Differently

Written Assignment – What Would You Do Differently

Points/Grading Rubric:

 

Criteria

Points

Discuss what lead to errors in the video you watched for this assignment

Discuss what lead to errors in the article you read for this assignment

Reflect on how you will practice nursing differently based upon what you have learned.

Grammar, APA and Organization

Your written assignment this week is to reflect on a video and an article. In each tragic case discuss what lead to error in the system. In a paragraph or two reflect on how you might practice differently based on what you have learned in this module.

Video Example

Article Example

arthritis

While arthritis impacts nearly 50 million adults in the United States, it is not a disease that is limited to adulthood. Consider the case of Ashley Russell. At the age of 14 months, Ashley was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. As a baby, her parents noticed that her knee was always swollen and that she often wanted to be carried instead of walking on her own (Cyr, 2012). After seeking medical care, Ashley’s underlying disorder was discovered. Arthritis in children is not uncommon. According to the CDC (2011), an estimated 294,000 children under age 18 have some form of arthritis or rheumatic condition. Due to the prevalence of the disorder in both children and adults, you must understand the pathophysiology and symptoms of arthritis in order to properly diagnose and prescribe treatment.

To Prepare

· Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 24 in the McPhee and Hammer text. Identify the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Consider the similarities and differences of the disorders.

· Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorders, as well as the diagnosis of and treatment for the disorders.

Post a description of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, including the similarities and differences between the disorders. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorders, as well as the diagnosis of treatment for the disorders.