8 pages APA not including title and reference page

Read instructions carefully break down each section and use subheadings

HIV/AIDS TOPIC

Proposal for a Community Health Intervention and Annotated Bibliography

For this Final Project, you develop a proposal for an intervention that addresses a public health problem identified in a particular community or one that is relevant to your own Public Health research and practice interests.

Project Instructions 

To complete this Final Project, you work with your instructor to identify a pressing Public Health issue relevant to your community and/or personal research and professional practice interests.

The proposal can be for developing a program, an intervention or a research study.

The Project will be completed in a format consisting of the following components:

· A 8-page paper using APA format (not including title page or references)

· A Table of Contents

· A Manuscript (components list follows)

The manuscript section of your Final Project must include the following components:

Section I: Introduction (1 page)

In this section, you will include the following elements:

· A description of the health problem you identified

· A brief outline of the need for the community health intervention you are proposing

· Sources of data that you will use to provide a rationale for your intervention proposal

· A statement of the problem or purpose of your proposed intervention

Section II: Annotated Bibliography (3 pages)

In this section, you will include the following elements:

· An Annotated Bibliography that includes the following:

* Sources: Six to eight recent (less than 3 years old) primary, peer-reviewed research articles that support the topic of your paper. Beyond the minimum primary research articles that directly relate to your identified topic, you may add additional, high-quality secondary literature (reviews or meta-analyses). You may also use websites if they come from a scholarly and relevant source (e.g., CDC, NCHS). Your sources must follow APA formatting.

o Annotation: For each research article, include a brief description of the study aim, the methods used, and an analysis of the major findings. For each nonresearch source, provide a concise description of the relevant key points addressed in the source. Include in the annotation a brief description of how you plan to use each source (e.g., to provide statistics for the problem).

Section III: Methodology (2 pages)

In this section, you will include the general goals of your intervention. In your Applied Project these goals will be revised as SMART objectives. In the present project, this section will include the following components:

· Your implementation plan consisting of the following elements:

** A description of the data based on a needs assessment

1) An explanation of the proposed intervention based on your research, suggested data sources, and annotated bibliography

2) A brief outline of the proposed intervention

· A description of the evaluation methods

· A brief explanation of the ethical issues inherent in the methodology

· A brief explanation of at least three key community stakeholders and why you selected them

Section IV: Conclusion (1 page)

This section will consist of the following components:

· An explanation of which of the 10 Essential Public Health Services (and/or the Certified Health Education Specialist [CHES] Areas of Responsibility) your proposed intervention will address, and why

· An explanation of how your proposed intervention relates to positive social change

Many people in the US, particularly the elderly, take more than one prescribed medication. CDC (2014) reported that between 2009 and 2012 nearly 48% of persons asked used at least one prescription drug, 22% used three or more prescription drugs, and nearly 11% used five or more.

In a recent study published by the Mayo Clinic, seven out of 10 Americans take at least one prescription drug. The most commonly prescribed drug is antibiotics — taken by 17 percent of Americans — followed by antidepressants and opioids — each taken by 13 percent of Americans. In addition, findings showed that:

• Even more staggering than the CDC findings, currently more than half of Americans take two prescription medications, and 20 percent of Americans are on at least five prescription medications.
• More women than men receive prescription medications.
• Antidepressant prescriptions are more common among women than men, and are most common among women ages 50 to 64.

When people take multiple medications, there is a greater risk for confusion about which medications are taken, when they are taken, and what they are being taken for. There is also a higher risk for drug interactions and increased side effects and adverse reactions.

Sometimes because of the sheer number of medications being prescribed, they may be forgotten, become too much of a bother, or a financial burden which can significantly impact client compliance and lead to poor health outcomes.

In this written assignment, you will be conducting an interview of a client who is taking multiple prescribed medications (three or more) and submitting a written paper describing the findings from the interview. You will then develop a Client Teaching Plan. Your instructor will assist you in the selection of the client. You must achieve a “pass” in this assignment to satisfactorily fulfill the requirements for the Pharmacology course.

The three parts of this assignment are:

Conduct an interview of a client who is taking multiple medications (polypharmacy). You must prepare the client before the interview by explaining why you are conducting the interview. You can say “my assignment is to find out about the medications you are taking so I can determine if you need more information about what you are taking”. You must always get permission from the client to conduct the interview and you must tell the client how the information will be used. You can say, “I will not be using your name in the information I share and I will be submitting it to my instructor only for this student assignment”. If there is important information that needs to be communicated to you, your doctor, family, or nurse, my instructor will assist me in following up on this”. Tell the client you will take no more than 30-45 minutes for the interview.

There may be a family member or significant other present during the interview. That is fine. Be sure to identify who answered a question and if possible always have the client answer first. Always thank the client (and others) when you complete the interview.

Do not use recording equipment for this interview. Have a notepad and pencil or pen and explain that you will be taking notes. When the interview is over, go to a quiet place and take some time to fill in any information you did not jot down. If you wait, you will not remember.

When setting the environment for the interview, make sure the client (and others) is comfortable and you are comfortably seated facing the client. If possible, do the interview in a quiet place.

Ask questions slowly giving the client time to answer. Pay attention to the client’s hearing and ability to respond to the questions. Be sure your non-verbal communication demonstrates you are calm and relaxed.

Use the following interview question guidelines when conducting the interview. Be aware that the client may not be able to answer each of the questions with detailed information. Collect as much information as the client is able and willing to give you. Remember you are the interviewer so you will be collecting information and not making any comments about the information shared by the client except to ask for further clarification if you are not sure what was said or need more detail if it is available.

1. What medications are you taking?
   (Before the interview research each of the medications. In your paper include the reason for each medication, the drug classification, the route of administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse reactions).

   For the following questions, paraphrase the client’s answers for your written paper.

2. How long have you taken each these medications?
3. Do you know why you are taking these medications?
4. Who told you about the medications and why you need to take them? Were you able to ask any questions about the medications and if so were they answered so you understood what was said?
5. How do you feel about taking these medications?
6. Are you taking other medication purchased “over the counter” such as in a drug store? If so, what is it and why are you taking it.
7. How and when do you take your medications?
8. Do you have any difficulty taking the medications? If so, what happens and how do you deal with any difficulties.
9. Have you ever felt any uncomfortable feelings and/or body reactions to taking these medications? If so, what were they and how were they handled?
10. If you had the above reaction, did they take you off the medication and/or replace it with another medication? Were you told why this happened?
11. Do you have any reason not to take the medications?
12. Have you ever not taken the medication? If so, what was the reason?

Ask a final question about whether the client would like to tell you anything further about their medications.

Write a paper describing your research and findings about the medications being taken and the results of the interview. Report your findings in a 3-5 page written paper. In your paper include the reason for each medication, the drug classification, the route of administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse reactions.

Use accurate and appropriate spelling and grammar and APA Editorial Format for sources used in your written paper.

Develop a teaching plan for this client based on your findings. Based on the findings from the interview, develop a 2-3 page teaching plan to include the following:

1. List one goal for this teaching plan
2. Describe two to three teaching resources that might be used
3. Identify two teaching strategies that can be used based on the client interviewed
4. List specific client instructions regarding the medications and what adverse reactions they should be aware of/and what to do
5. Identify at least one factor that may negatively influence adherence to the medications and how it can be overcome
6. If, appropriate, describe how the family might be involved in ensuring the client is on a proper and safe medication regime

Leadership and the Change Process

What examples of leadership have you seen in working with others at your practicum setting as well as in other situations? What have you observed that inspires you to be an effective leader? What challenges have you noticed? How does this relate to your personal leadership style? How can you, as a leader, facilitate the translation of evidence into practice? What leadership skills aid this process?

For this Discussion reflect on what makes a leader effective and how insights from theory as well as previous endeavors can be applied to planning for and implementing a change related to the translation of evidence into practice.

To prepare:

• Consider      evidence-based changes currently underway or recently achieved in your      practicum setting. Analyze the practicum environment, examine data, and      refer to theory to identify a need for a change you would propose.
• Reflect      on examples of how leadership influences the translation of evidence into      practice from within your practicum setting.
• Identify      an evidence-based change appropriate for your practicum setting.
• Think      of two or three instances that demonstrate how you have been able to—or,      if not applicable, how you could—apply leadership skills in your practicum      setting. Then, reflect on the results of your DiSC Assessment, completed      in NURS 8300. What strengths and/or challenges have you encountered, or      might you encounter based on your personal leadership style? In what ways      do you need to grow as a leader?

By tomorrow Wednesday 3/6/19 6 pm write a minimum of 550 words essay in APA format with at least 3 references (see list or required readings below). Include the level one headers as numbered below: 

Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Based on your practicum experiences, discuss the influence of leadership on the translation of evidence into practice. Provide specific insights gained from theory as well as from changes currently underway or recently achieved in your practicum setting.

2) Propose an evidence-based change for your practicum setting. Be sure to justify the need for this change using data.

3) Explain how you might apply theory as well as observations gathered from your practicum site to planning for and implementing the proposed change.

4) How are you developing your leadership skills in your practicum setting? Which aptitudes or experiences do you think are most important to your role as a leader in facilitating the translation of evidence into practice? If possible, relate this to specific learning objectives you developed during Week 1 (see attached file for learning objectives).

Required Readings

White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S., & Terharr, M. F. (2016). Translation of evidence into nursing and health care practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

· Review Chapter 6, “Translation of Evidence for Leadership”

This chapter addresses the pivotal role of leadership in the translation of evidence into practice.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2006). The essentials of doctoral education for advanced nursing practice. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/publications/position/DNPEssentials.pdf (see attached file).

Use the information in this report to guide the formulation of goals for your practicum experience.

Kotter, J. P. (2007). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 85(1), 96-103. Retrieved from https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/pl/57319806/57319860/3d20a24aeeedc7a83d2a918c5013078c

In this foundational reading, Dr. John Kotter discusses errors commonly made as organizations undergo change, and he recommends steps leaders can take to help avoid them.

Murphy, M. P., Staffileno, B. A., & Carlson, E. (2015). Original Article: Collaboration Among DNP- and PhD-Prepared Nurses: Opportunity to Drive Positive Change. Journal of Professional Nursing,31388-394. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2015.03.001

Nelson-Brantley, H. V., & Ford, D. J. (2017). Leading change: a concept analysis. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 73(4), 834-846. doi:10.1111/jan.13223

Salmela, S., Eriksson, K., & Fagerström, L. (2012). Leading change: a three-dimensional model of nurse leaders’ main tasks and roles during a change process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(2), 423-433. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05802.x

Sherrod, B., & Goda, T. (2016). DNP-Prepared leaders guide healthcare system change. Nursing Management, (9). 13.

Optional Resources

Osters, S., & Tiu, F. S. (n.d.). Writing measurable learning outcomes. Retrieved from http://www.gavilan.edu/research/spd/Writing-Measurable-Learning-Outcomes.pdf

Kotter International. (2017). Kotter International. Retrieved from http://www.kotterinternational.com/

National Center for Healthcare Leadership. (2017). NCHL Health Leadership Competency ModelTM.Retrieved from http://www.nchl.org/static.asp?path=2852,3238

Imagine that, for about a year, your nursing unit has been involved in an intensive campaign to improve patient satisfaction scores with pain management. You are getting good data from your patients, as the length of stay on this inpatient geriatric medical nursing unit is only about 6 days. Your hospital does 100% survey to inpatients, and the response rate is about 25%, which is higher than it has been. This notwithstanding, the percent of “patient very satisfied” (top box), with a score of 5, has been in the low 70s. The national benchmark for medical surgical units like yours is about 85% very satisfied. Of all the units in your hospital, your unit is the lowest scoring on this HCAPHS survey. But as your unit is the only geriatric medical nursing unit in the hospital, you’d always thought it was the nature of the patient population.

You have been the day shift representative to the QI team, and the scores on your unit are posted monthly. Here are the numerous strategies that have been tried on your unit and the timeframes.

For this Discussion, examine the strategies and interventions tried in your unit and consider the following questions: a) Were the strategies effective in creating a sustainable change on your nursing unit, and b) To what extent can your nurse manager and CNO count on your unit exceeding the national benchmark in the next quarter, the next year? That is, does this run chart have some predictive ability? Does the run chart support the nursing unit’s decision to celebrate? To what extent can the leadership be confident that the trend will continue?

By Day 3

Based on the scenario, explain what was done successfully and where improvement was needed in the quality improvement process. Identify the performance improvement tools, and explain how they contributed to the outcome.

Support your response with references from the Resources and professional nursing literature. Your posts need to be written at the capstone level (see checklist).

Notes Initial Post: This should be a 3-paragraph (at least 350 words) response. Be sure to use evidence from the readings and include in-text citations.