What additional precautions should Elaine and Sally use if they need to provide care to a person with an infectious respiratory disease?

Elaine has accepted a position as a Health Care Worker for the local hospital in her home town. Elaine is very excited about her new career path and is determined to provide the best service possible to the people she will be supporting. Elaine attended orientation along with two other new employees, Sally and Joyce. Orientation lasts for three full days. Elaine is surprised by the length of time this will take and is a little disappointed not to have hands on work to commence immediately. The timetable that is given to the new employees is very comprehensive and Elaine can see that the days will by fully occupied.
After the initial welcome, the first session was infection control. Elaine was introduced to the Infection control officer who explained that the first contact should be through their immediate supervisor. The Infection Control Officer went through the Infection Control policy and procedures with the new employees, and provided some simpler workflow charts to make the process easier. Hand hygiene was discussed after morning tea. Elaine found this information very interesting, especially studies that showed how hand-washing procedures reduced infection rates. All of the new employees were then shown the correct method of hand hygiene and were assessed on their skills in this area. The UV light showed that Elaine had a good technique but that her hands, around the fingernails, were dry and would benefit from daily moisturising. Joyce had a cut on her finger and it was explained that all cuts need to be kept covered with an appropriate dressing such as a coloured bandaid or waterproof dressing.
After lunch the program continued with demonstration of the correct Personal Protective Equipment to use (PPE) for different scenarios. Elaine and Joyce found how they looked quite amusing with gown, gloves and masks on. It was explained that hair needed to be kept off the face, neatly tied back and personal jewellery not to be worn. When Elaine and Sally saw the slides showing the bacteria present on rings and necklaces they were both shocked. The first day finished with the new employees being welcomed by the Infection Control Nurse who handed out immunisation forms with the recommended immunisations for Health Care Workers.
Question 1. List the different types of hand hygiene practices and give an example of when each would be used.
Question 2. Why was Joyce told to cover the cut with a coloured bandaid?
Question 3. Why would Joyce and Sally need to wear gloves when providing personal support?
Question 4. When would Sally and Joyce be required to wear a mask?
Question 5. Explain the terms cleaning, disinfecting and sterilisation.
Question 7. What is the procedure of disposing of contaminated waste?
Question 7. Cleaning of equipment is one of the duties for Sally and Elaine.
Question 8. What additional precautions should Elaine and Sally use if they need to provide care to a person with an infectious respiratory disease?