University of Phoenix Material                      
Week Three Quiz
Complete the following quiz. Choose your response by highlighting your answer.
1.     When we perform an experiment, we
a.     measure independent variables,
b.    produce dependent variables.
c.     produce control variables.
d.    produce a comparison.
e.     hold independent variables constant.
2.     The control group in an experiment
a.     fixes the level of a variable across all experimental conditions.
b.    is often untreated.
c.     receives the same level of the independent variable as the experimental group.
d.    refers to the manipulation of the independent variable.
3.     In research on the decompression of pregnant rats, the independent variable is ______, a dependent variable is ________, and a control variable is _______________.
a.     Reduced air pressure; behavioral tests; strain of the rat
b.    Body weight; climbing ability; time of day
c.     Atmospheric pressure; age of rat; climbing ability
d.    Number of decompressions; body weight; home cage
e.     Experimental group; control group; test performance
4.     In experiments, independent variables are
a.     the result of careful measurements.
b.    extraneous to the experiment and held constant.
c.     extraneous to the experiment and allowed to vary randomly.
d.    independent of experimenter control.
e.     varied by the researcher.
5.     Dependent variables are
a.     manipulated by the researcher.
b.    potential independent variables that are held constant.
c.     measured by the researcher.
d.    probable behavioral causes.
6.     One reason a valid experiment may produce null results is
a.     the range of levels in the independent variable was insufficient to show an effect.
b.    the dependent variable reflects a broad range of performance.
c.     that the experiment is conducted in an environment that is too difficult.
d.    that reactivity occurs in the participants (e.g., they adopt the role of “good behavior”).
7.     In experiments, the independent variable should be _________, the dependent variable should be __________, and the control variable should be ________.
a.     controlled; constant; randomized
b.    constant; an effect; causal
c.     free; restricted; elevated
d.    balanced; unconfounded; an effect
e.     manipulated; measured; held constant
8.     An interaction occurs when
a.     an independent variable effects a dependent variable.
b.    one independent variable effects a second independent variable.
c.     the effect one dependent variable has is not the same at each level of a second dependent variable.
d.    the effect one independent variable has is not the same at each level of a second independent variable.
9.     Which of the following is an example of the Hawthorne effect?
a.     Experimenter bias
b.    Reactivity in an experiment
c.     Participant observation
d.    Unobtrusive outcomes
10.  A variable that inadvertently causes an experimental result is
a.     confounded with the dependent variable.
b.    confounded with the independent variable.
c.     confounded with the control variables.
d.    unlikely to be important in experiments.
11.  Construct validity permits one to do which of the following?
a.     Generalize
b.    Attribute causality
c.     Have confidence in constructs
d.    Support hypothesis
12.  Which of the following is a source of construct invalidity?
a.     Bias
b.    Random error
c.     Carry-over effects
d.    Counterbalancing
13.  If a study has external validity, one is entitled to
a.     generalize.
b.    attribute causality.
c.     have confidence in constructs.
d.    support hypotheses.
14.  Internal validity allows one to do which of the following?
a.     Generalize
b.    Attribute causality
c.     Have confidence in constructs
d.    Support hypotheses
15.  Which of the following is the most likely to have the greatest internal validity?
a.     Surveys
b.    Case studies
c.     Relational research
d.    Experiments
16.  Test reliability determined by a correlation between scores from the same test taken at two different times is called
a.     test-retest reliability.
b.    parallel forms reliability.
c.     split-half reliability.
d.    predictive reliability.
17.  Statistical reliability determines whether results
a.     will occur five percent of the time.
b.    occur because of chance.
c.     are internally valid.
d.    are produced by bias.
18.  Which of the following is a major threat to internal validity?
a.     Confounding
b.    Deviant-case analysis
c.     Truncated range
d.    Dependent variables
19.  A type of validity that is specifically concerned with being able to make causal statements about relationships between variables is _______________ validity.
a.     External
b.    Internal
c.     Construct
d.    Predictive
20.  A replication of research helps to determine ______________ validity.
a.     Construct
b.    External
c.     Internal
d.    Predictive

Chapter 11 in the textbook emphasizes the importance of hope and possibility in the counseling process. Clients come into counseling having tried many different solutions that have failed. In many cases, they are discouraged and hopeless about resolving their problems in a way that creates a better life.
In some cases, clients face significant barriers of physical disability or illness, histories of trauma, occupational disadvantages, or addictions. Throughout the counseling process the counselor attempts to create hope. 
Write a 750-1,000-word paper discussing the following:

How can the counselor create a sense of hope and possibility for the client?
How does establishing goals help clients to develop hope?
What steps can the counselor take to help clients identify goals for change?
What strategies can a counselor utilize to help clients commit to change?

Assignment 1 (300 words)
As you prepare to write this discussion, take a few moments to do the following:

Review the Modeled Discussion.
Read any required and recommended reading materials for this week, especially Chapter 4 from your text and the articles by Grant and Wright.
Select a full-length film from the AFI 10 Top 10 list.   http://www.afi.com/10top10/

Reflect
Genre, a category of artistic production characterized by similarities in composition and style, is a term used to discuss literature, music, art, and film. It is particularly useful in critical applications because it distinguishes a work within a context of similar works. In film, we are familiar with certain broad genre categories such as horror, science-fiction, romance, and drama.
Understanding genre helps provide the viewer with certain expectations about film. For instance, the film The Conjuring trailer (Version 2) is of the horror genre and thus can be discussed in context with other horror films. More specifically, it is of the sub-genre, supernatural horror, so it can be discussed in context with, say, The Exorcist trailer. Making this distinction enables the audience to situate their reaction within a particular framework.
Write
Identify a film and classify it according to its genre (or sub-genre). Include a link(s) to a trailer or scene(s) from the film. You may choose to continue with a film you have already discussed.

Discuss the conventions that are typical in films of that genre (or sub-genre).
Explain how this specific film meets the expectations of its genre.

Include the name or partial name of the film you identified in the “Subject” line of your discussion. Your initial post should be at least 300 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.
Assignment 2  (300 words)
Mise en scène is a term meant to encompass the arrangement and use of a variety of design elements in creating the visual theme of a film. Please look through Chapter 5 (Mise en Scene and Actors) for more information on this term.
As you prepare to write this discussion, take a few moments to do the following:

Read any required and recommended reading materials for this week, especially Chapter 5 (Mise en Scene and Actors).
Select a full-length film from the AFI 10 Top 10 list.  http://www.afi.com/10top10/

Reflect
It can be easier to grasp the importance of the term mise en scène if we break it down into its component elements. This week, we’ll look at the impact of lighting choices on the creation of meaning in a film.
In any film, the intensity and direction of lighting will influence how an image is perceived by the viewer, and it can establish or enforce particular themes. Think back over films you have watched and consider how the use of lighting in key scenes helped establish the theme or tone.
Write https://ashford.mediaspace.kaltura.com/media/Adding+Pictures+and+Video+to+Introductions+and+Discussions/0_bqh36hrs
Please view the video Adding Pictures and Video to Discussions and Introductions for guidance on how to integrate multimedia with your response.
Using specific examples from your chosen film, write a post in which you

Identify the type of lighting used in the film (traditional three-point, high-key, or low-key) and assess the impact of the lighting used to establish the theme.

What are the benefits of the style of lighting used?
How did this technique contribute to the theme?
How was the lighting technique suited to the genre of the film? For example, documentary films tend to rely on natural light as a way of creating an overall tone of authenticity.

Compare how the scene would play if different choices had been made.

You must use at least two outside sources, in any combination of embedded video clips, still photos, or scholarly sources. All sources should be documented in APA style.
It is suggested that you approach this post by focusing your attention on the same film you will write about in this week’s “Genres and Genre Film” assignment.The post 1&2 300words each first appeared on Nursing School Essays.

Afferent “Sensory” Neuron Interneuron “Associative Neuron” Efferent “Motor” Neuron
The three basic types of neurons are represented in the Reflex Arc above.
The Afferent Neuron or Sensory Neuron receives information from the sensory receptors and carries the impulse from the sense receptors to the central nervous system. In this example the touch receptors in the skin are relaying information through the Afferent “Sensory” Neuron from the environment to the spinal cord.
The Interneuron or the Associative neuron is the transfer station or the decision making neuron. In the case of the reflex arc the Interneuron would make a decision to respond or not respond based upon the intensity of the stimulus.
The Efferent Neuron of Motor Neuron would then return the impulse back to the muscle or gland that would need to respond.
We have all had the doctor strike our patellar tendon with a rubber hammer. The Afferent “Sensory” Neuron receives the information of the force of the strike on our tendon. This information is relayed quickly up the neuron to the spinal cord where the Interneuron would decide if the stimulus warrants a response. If a response ins necessary the Efferent “Motor” Neuron returns the impulse to the muscle of the legs causing the lower leg to react.

Are you a nursing student? Then, you will definitely have an assignment to compose a nursing reflective essay. This task might be quite tough and challenging. But don’t stress out! Our professionals are willing to assist you.
First and foremost, let’s figure out what’s reflective writing. In a few words, such essays are based on your experiences, feelings, views on something, etc. For nursing students, reflective papers help to practice their skills and expand their knowledge.
In case you are wondering how to write a nursing reflective essay, you are on the right page. This article will provide you with the most insightful tips that will help you write an outstanding paper. Also, look through our page to find practical nursing reflective essay examples.
Analytical vs. Reflective Nursing Essay
Basically, nursing essays can be divided into different types.
The most common ones are analytical and reflective essays. These two styles are the most suitable for nursing papers. They either argue a particular perspective (analytical) or base the narration on previous experiences (reflective).
This focus is what differentiates one type of essay from another, as both analytical and reflective nursing essays can be quite similar stylistically.
Nursing: Analytical Essay
Speaking of structural parts, the basic outline for an analytical essay on nursing can look like this:

Introduction. The introduction is your first paragraph, which usually consists of two parts. First, you have to capture the reader’s attention. Then, you aim to create a clear thesis statement to demonstrate your position.
Providing evidence. Each of your arguments should have at least one piece of evidence. If you have more to share, it’s even better. However, you have to keep the word count in mind. So, make strong points to keep your essay concise.
Practical use of evidence. There’s no point in providing evidence that wouldn’t have any real use in practice.
The judgment of evidence. Here, you’ll demonstrate your critical thinking abilities. Prove that your evidence is indeed strong and valid.
Conclusion. First, summarize what’s been said in your essay. Then give your own opinion on it.

 Nursing: Reflective Essay
A reflective nursing essay usually consists of the following elements:

Introduction. It explains the whole purpose of the essay and tells readers what to expect. The most crucial part of the introduction is the thesis statement. Usually, it’s the last sentence of the intro. Your thesis should be concise and clearly reflect your position.
Description of the situation. Since a reflective essay is based on previous experiences, describing those events is the core part of the paper. Again, this section should contain only the most important and valuable details.
Sharing of personal feelings. The section demonstrates how you react to situations and how you’re able to gain control over those emotions.
Evaluation of experience. This part is a summary of what skills and knowledge did you get from experience.
Reflection and opportunities for learning. The part is closely connected to the previous one. While previously you were just giving a summary, here you’ll describe what this situation made you understand. Also, elaborate on your future path of self-development.
Conclusion. This one is simple. Just summarize all the information you discussed in your essay.

Writing a Reflective Essay on Nursing: Guide
Creating a nursing reflection essay is a long and challenging journey that requires total concentration on a task. That’s why it is essential to turn your “study mode” on and devote yourself to the essay writing process.
No doubts, you might get too overwhelmed by the amount of work you have to get done. But don’t worry! We know how to avoid anxiety. Just follow out tips and write an outstanding nursing reflection paper!
Remove the Distractions
Yes, it’s as simple as that. Ironically, most of the major problems usually happen at this initial stage. So, you just need to know how to overcome them right away.

Turn all the gadgets off (yes, even your cell phone).
Make sure to get rid of anything around you that could potentially catch your attention and distract you from writing.
Get earplugs if necessary.

Then, get in your “study mood.”

Go through all your pre-game rituals — visit the bathroom, eat, drink, meditate, etc.
Get fun out of the way. Dedicate some time for yourself so that you won’t have the temptation later.
Prepare the essentials — open your notebook or create a Word document and make sure you have all the necessary notes and resources ready.

 Research
After you create perfect conditions, make another significant step to start writing. Research is an essential part of any academic work, even if you’re telling your personal story.
Here’s where you can start your search for brilliant ideas:

your college library;
your course readings;
scholar.google.com;
online nursing journal articles;

And no matter what topic you’re going to discuss, don’t forget that most nursing essays use a similar pattern:
Outline and Draft
No wonder outlining is a vital part of the essay writing process. It helps to reach the logical flow of ideas and organize all the arguments and examples in the right order. Also, you can easily edit a well-developed structure if something seems wrong. It’s always better to change the part of an outline rather than rewriting the entire paragraph.
Your reflective essay outline should look approximately like this:

Introduction

Hook
Thesis

Main Body

Point 1 (evidence, examples, other supportive details)
Point 2 (evidence, examples, other supportive details)
Point 3 (evidence, examples, other supportive details)

Conclusion

Restatement of thesis statement
Final memorable statement

After creating an outline, it would be a great idea to write the rough draft of your nursing reflective essay. This step will help you to avoid all the possible mistakes before submitting the paper.
 Proofread and Revise
Polishing your essay is the last but not the least step of the writing process. So, take it seriously and don’t waste your chance to submit a flawless work. Revise your rough draft, make sure your ideas are coherent and supporting evidence is logical, and then create a final version of the essay.
We created the checklist of what you should take into consideration while revising your nursing reflective essay. Don’t hesitate to use it!

make sure you meet the writing style requirements;
check whether all in-text citations have the corresponding reference list entry;
make sure you followed the proper structure (introduction, three body paragraphs, conclusion);
get rid of all grammar and punctuation mistakes;
double-check whether your ideas are clear and the supporting details are logical.

Being a nurse is stressful. It requires dedication, a strong philosophy, and stable mental health. And if you’re unsure about your choice — try to make up your mind as soon as possible. Getting a nursing education is a serious step in your life. So, be confident about your choice not to regret it later. The video below will give you an idea of what a day in the life of a nurse is like.