1. What demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement in the Oh et al. (2014) study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
2. What statistics were calculated to describe body mass index (BMI) in this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.
3. Were the distributions of scores for BMI similar for the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.
4. Was there a significant difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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5. Based on the sample size of N = 41, what frequency and percentage of the sample smoked? What frequency and percentage of the sample were non-drinkers (alcohol)? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.
6. What measurement method was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) for the study participants? Discuss the quality of this measurement method and document your response.
7. What statistic was calculated to determine differences between the intervention and control groups for the lumbar and femur neck BMDs? Were the groups significantly different for BMDs?
8. The researchers stated that there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups (see Table 2). Are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous at the beginning of the study? Why is this important in testing the effectiveness of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?
9. Oh et al. (2014, p. 296) stated that “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6%.” Discuss the importance of intervention adherence, and document your response.
10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Exercise is such a powerful weapon against many preventable, yet devestating diseases. The first disease that comes to mind would be cardiovascular disease. Which makes perfect sence in simple terms. Taking care of the muscle that is responsible for pumping blood through your body as well as the system that circulates that blood makes perfect sense. However cardiovascular disease typically inculed multiple conditions that lead to this disease but can be controlled, reduced, or avoided by regular exercise.
Blood pressure contributes to the effeciency of the cardiovascular system by controlling the pressue that is exerted when the heart pumps blood through the system as well as the relaxation period between beats. If the pressure is to high this can compromise the patency of the vessels and lead to a decline in cardiovascular health. According to the CDC 1 out of every 3 Americans have high blood pressure. “Physical activity not only helps control high blood pressure (HBP or hypertension), it also helps you manage your weight, strengthen your heart and lower your stress level.” (American Heart Assosication, 2016).
Cholesterol levels are also something that can contribute to cardiovascular disease if they are to high. According to the CDC 37.1 of Americans have high LDL levels which is classified as the harmful cholesterol. Too much bad cholesterol and to little good cholesterol can cause fatty depositis within the sytem which can potentially block blood flow. Exercise is something patients can do to improve the HDL while decreasing the triglycerides. “Exercise has the greatest effect on triglycerides (lowers them) and HDL, the good cholesterol (increases it).” (Cleveland Clinic, 2016).
Obesity is also another risk factor for cardiovascular disease. According to the CDC more than 1/3 of Americans are Obese. This condition can be cured by diet and exercise. This condition is caused by an excess in calories compared with the intake. When we exercise we burn calories. If we burn more than we consume by practicing regular exercise we will reduce our weight. “It’s a no-brainer. Exercise burns calories. The more you exercise, the easier it is to keep your weight under control.” (American College of Sports Medicine, 2016).
As a nurse it is our committment to our patients to educate them on what they can do to prevent or improve their condition. For a patient with any of the conditions listed above I would suggest they shoot for 30 minutes of moderate activity 5 days a week. In order to get patients to even attempt a change like this you have to find out about their lifestyle and committments. For example you can expect a working single mom to be able to afford a gym membership and take time away from her children to exercise. I would suggest that she encorporated exercise into her daily routine and plan this out at the beginning of each week. If she usually drives two blocks for soccer practice she may be able to swap out walking instead. This also instills good habits for her children. Whatever plan of care you present to your patient, it must work for them or they simply will not be compliant and most importantly…..healthy.

Weighing the Evidence
When conducting original research, the final step researchers must complete is weighing the evidence and interpreting the meanings of their data, statistics, and analyses. This is the culmination of the research process in which all of the research methods and designs can be synthesized into a meaningful conclusion. In this stage, researchers should formulate explanations for what their data indicates, determine whether the data answers their initial research question, identify areas of uncertainty, and consider directions for further research.
In this Discussion, you focus on one of the research articles that you identified for Part 2 of the Course Project (Literature Review). You then explore the process of how the researchers generated conclusions based on their data, consider other possible interpretations of their data, and formulate ideas for further research.
To prepare:
· Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on how researchers find meaning in their data and generate sound conclusions. Pay particular attention to Table 2 in the article, “Study Design in Medical Research.”
· Revisit the 5 articles that you identified in Part 2 of the Course Project. Select one to consider for the purpose of this Discussion.
· Read sections of the chosen article where the data is presented, analyzed, and interpreted for meaning. What reasoning process did the researchers use to formulate their conclusions? What explanation did they give to support their conclusions? Were there any weaknesses in their analysis or conclusions?
· Consider possible alternate conclusions that the researchers could have drawn based on their data.
· Examine the findings that the article presents and consider how well they addressed the researcher’s initial question(s). What additional research could be done to build on these findings and gain a fuller understanding of the question?

Children and adolescents with schizophrenia have more difficulty functioning in academic or work settings, and significant impairment usually persists into adulthood. They may have speech or language disorders and in some cases borderline intellectual functioning. These individuals are more likely to complete suicide attempts or die from other accidental causes. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and behavior disturbance. Negative symptoms include blunted affect and attention, apathy, and lack of motivation and social interest.
In this Assignment, you compare treatment plans for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia with treatment plans for children and adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia. You also consider the legal and ethical issues involved in medicating children diagnosed with schizophrenia.
To Prepare for this Assignment:
· Review the Learning Resources concerning early-onset schizophrenia.
The Assignment (2 pages):
· Compare at least two evidence-based treatment plans for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia with evidence-based treatment plans for children and adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia.
· Explain the legal and ethical issues involved with forcing children diagnosed with schizophrenia to take medication for the disorder and how a PMHNP may address those issues.
Note: (1)To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.