Children and adolescents with schizophrenia have more difficulty functioning in academic or work settings, and significant impairment usually persists into adulthood. They may have speech or language disorders and in some cases borderline intellectual functioning. These individuals are more likely to complete suicide attempts or die from other accidental causes. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and behavior disturbance. Negative symptoms include blunted affect and attention, apathy, and lack of motivation and social interest.
In this Assignment, you compare treatment plans for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia with treatment plans for children and adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia. You also consider the legal and ethical issues involved in medicating children diagnosed with schizophrenia.
To Prepare for this Assignment:
· Review the Learning Resources concerning early-onset schizophrenia.
The Assignment (2 pages):
· Compare at least two evidence-based treatment plans for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia with evidence-based treatment plans for children and adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia.
· Explain the legal and ethical issues involved with forcing children diagnosed with schizophrenia to take medication for the disorder and how a PMHNP may address those issues.
Note: (1)To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Start by reading and following these instructions:
1. Quickly skim the questions or assignment below and the assignment rubric to help you focus.
2. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
3. Consider the discussion and any insights you gained from it.
4. Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check your spelling.
Assignment:
1. Locate an article that discusses a bioethics issue. First, provide a summary of the article and the bioethics issue being presented. Next, discuss what ethical actions the nurse should take in relation to the issue being presented. Also, discuss possible legal issues that the nurse should be aware of. This section should include at least 1 outside reference and your textbook and should be at least 1 ½ pages long.
2. Analyze the following case study and then answer the following questions:
You are working on the Operating Room and the trauma alert goes off. You respond to the ER to provide support. Once in the ER, you receive report that an 89 year old male is coming in with a self-inflicted GSW (Gun Shot Wound) to the head. You listen to the radio traffic between the ER and ambulance to get an idea what kind of surgery you need to set up for and what will be needed as far as lines and fluid. Here is the report:
HR: 121
B/P: 60/45
Saturation: 93%
Patient is intubated and non-responsive. Right pupil is fixed and dilated. Paramedic also states there is a large extended family headed to the ER. The patient lost his wife of 60 years 1 week ago and left a note stating that he is too heartbroken to go on. The patient and family arrive. The neurosurgeon discusses that their father’s potential outcome, even with surgery, is not good. The family still insists that the neurosurgeon complete the surgery.
1. What are the ethical and legal issues in this case study. Be specific and support your response with references
Once you have the patient in the room and you are prepped and ready for surgery, the phone rings. You receive word that the patient signed DNR orders two days ago.
1. As the OR nurse what are your legal and ethical issues now? Was the patient of sound mind when he signed this order? Do you honor the DNR or the family’s wishes? Explain and support your response.
Your response to this case study should be at least 2 pages and include 2 outside references and your textbook.
Please submit one paper which includes both assignments

Perform a heritage assessment on three families. One of these families should be from your own culture.
Complete the “Heritage Assessment Tool” for each of the three families interviewed and submit the three assessments to ………….
Identify common health traditions based on cultural heritage. Evaluate and discuss how the families subscribe to these traditions and practices. Address health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration as they relate to your assessment.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

As a health care professional, my role encompasses a relationship with people of all different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. To fulfill our role of empathizing and understanding people we must be open to people different from us, have curiosity about people, and begin the lifelong journey of becoming culturally competent (Jarvis, 2016). In doing a health assessment interview with Ms. Li it is important to consider first primary language and her understanding of the English spoken language and literacy. If Ms. Li is uncomfortable with the interview being conducted in English it is my responsibility to be sure a professional interpreter or interpreting services is used, not only to translate the conversation but also describe the cultural aspects and meanings of health as related to Ms. Li. Another important aspect to remember during the interview is direct eye contact may be equated with disrespect, very important to be aware and follow the cues of Ms. Li. I need seek information about use of and belief of traditional healing for herself and within the family unit. I will need to pay close attention to non-verbal cues. Some Asian Americans may respond “yes” to a question as a way of being polite and avoiding conflict (Quality and Culture,n.d.). The ability to read if yes really means “yes” by following non-verbal communication will help me to meet Ms. Li’s needs.
The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) is non-copyrighted, simple, six question survey used globally in many different health care settings, primarily screening women for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Each visit or health care encounter should be used as an opportunity to screen all women with a tool such the AAS. Often the questions are prefaced with: violence is very common, it has serious health care consequences and is present in many of our homes so we routinely ask all patients the following questions (Jarvis, 2016). The questions are “yes” or “no”, such as “when you and your partner argue are you ever afraid of him” (Jarvis, 2016). If the woman answers “yes” to any of the questions a more in-depth conversation needs to occur. The assessor should reach for specifics, when, how often, and who was involved. Most importantly, we must show concern, and reiterate that it is not the woman’s fault (Jarvis 2016). “Yes” answers may also lead to a more detailed physical exam. Documentation is key if abuse is divulged whether verbal, emotional or there are signs of physical abuse. Documentation must be specific, including photos when applicable. In California, we are mandated reporters for IPV. Mandated reporting to local law enforcement is done via telephone immediately or written and faxed within 48 hours. Finally, keep the patient informed and safe, when abusers are confronted or questioned this can create a dangerous environment for the patient (Family Law, 2017).
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Question 1
2 / 2 pts
What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer?
Herpes simplex virus type 6
Herpes simplex virus type 2
Human papillomavirus
Human immunodeficiency virus
Question 2
2 / 2 pts
Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?
An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging
A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency
Question 3
0 / 2 pts
The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:
Infectivity
Toxigenicity
Pathogenicity
Virulence
Question 4
2 / 2 pts
Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than the rate of output of lean adults.
The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
Question 5
2 / 2 pts
Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?
6 to 8 weeks
8 to 12 months
Until the iron level is normal
The rest of one’s life
Question 6
2 / 2 pts
Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?
Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging
Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency
Question 7
2 / 2 pts
What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?
Nasal turbinates
Alveolar macrophages
Cilia
Irritant receptors on the nares
Question 8
2 / 2 pts
As stated in the Frank-Starling law, a direct relationship exists between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.
Pressure; force
Volume; strength
Viscosity; force
Viscosity; strength
Question 9
2 / 2 pts
The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by:
2 years
1 year
10 months
5 months
Question 10
2 / 2 pts
Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
Blood vessels
Epithelial cells
Connective tissue
Glandular tissue
Question 11
2 / 2 pts
Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?
Increasing rate and depth of breathing
Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction
Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen
Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin
Question 12
2 / 2 pts
What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra?
Encephalocele
Meningocele
Spina bifida occulta
Myelomeningocele
Question 13
2 / 2 pts
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Question 14
2 / 2 pts
After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months?
1 to 2
6 to 14
18 to 20
24 to 36
Question 15
2 / 2 pts
Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response?
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Question 16
2 / 2 pts
Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Erythrocytes
Question 17
2 / 2 pts
Where are alveolar macrophages found?
Skin
Breasts
Gastrointestinal tract
Lungs
Question 18
2 / 2 pts
Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system?
Decreased flow resistance
Fewer alveoli
Stiffening of the chest wall
Improved elastic recoil
Question 19
0 / 2 pts
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom?
Intermittent murmur
Lack of symptoms
Need for surgical repair
Triad of congenital defects
Question 20
2 / 2 pts
Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?
V
VIII
IX
X
Question 21
2 / 2 pts
A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:
Hemolytic shock
Anaphylaxis
Necrotizing vasculitis
Systemic erythematosus
Question 22
2 / 2 pts
Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer?
Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor.
Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer.
Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer.
Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer.
Question 23
2 / 2 pts
What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull and much of the brain is missing?
Anencephaly
Myelodysplasia
Cranial meningocele
Hydrocephaly
Question 24
0 / 2 pts
At birth, which statement is true?
Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall.
Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung.
Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises.
Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise.
Question 25
2 / 2 pts
What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?
Nausea
Fatigue
Hair loss
Weight loss
Question 26
0 / 2 pts
The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they:
Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.
Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse.
Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
Question 27
0 / 2 pts
Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation?
Heat cramps
Heat stroke
Malignant hyperthermia
Heat exhaustion
Question 28
2 / 2 pts
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of which nervous system?
Central
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Somatic
Question 29
2 / 2 pts
What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?
Idiopathic
Incomplete
Pathologic
Greenstick
Question 30
0 / 2 pts
What is the leading cause of infertility in women?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometriosis
Salpingitis
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Question 31
2 / 2 pts
Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?
Parietal lobe
Limbic system
Temporal lobe
Hypothalamus
.
Question 32
0 / 2 pts
What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands?
Enhancement of the motility of sperm
Lubrication of the urinary meatus and vestibule
Maintenance of an acid-base balance to discourage proliferation of pathogenic bacteria
Enhancement of the size of the penis during intercourse
Question 33
0 / 2 pts
People with gout are at high risk for which co-morbid condition?
Renal calculi
Joint trauma
Anemia
Hearing loss
Question 34
0 / 2 pts
The tear in a ligament is referred to as a:
Fracture
Strain
Disunion
Sprain
Question 35
0 / 2 pts
Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?
Genetic
Empirical
Relative
Modifiable
Question 36
0 / 2 pts
Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?
Twofold
Threefold
Fourfold
Tenfold
Question 37
2 / 2 pts
What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?
Reduced excretion of purines
Overproduction of uric acid
Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels
Overproduction of proteoglycans
Question 38
0 / 2 pts
It is true that Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS):
Is preceded by a viral illness.
Involves a deficit in acetylcholine.
Results in asymmetric paralysis.
Is an outcome of HIV.
Question 39
2 / 2 pts
The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Rickets
Osteochondrosis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Question 40
2 / 2 pts
Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?
Increased consumption of dairy produces
Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C
Decreased consumption of foods high in fat
Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring
Question 41
2 / 2 pts
The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder?
Night terrors
Insomnia
Somnambulism
Enuresis
Question 42
2 / 2 pts
Which virus is a precursor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Herpes simplex II virus (HSV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Question 43
0 / 2 pts
What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?
Sharpey fibers
Collagen fibers
Glycoproteins
Elastin fibers
Question 44
0 / 2 pts
Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
Parietal
Chief
G
H
Question 45
2 / 2 pts
Which water-soluble vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion?
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B1
Vitamin K
Folic acid
Question 46
2 / 2 pts
What is the first sign of puberty in girls?
Breast enlargement
Growth of pubic hair
Menstruation
Vaginal discharge
Question 47
2 / 2 pts
Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure?
Eyelids
Sebaceous glands
Meibomian glands
Conjunctiva
Question 48
2 / 2 pts
What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and webbed neck?
Down
Cri du chat
Turner
Klinefelter
Question 49
2 / 2 pts
A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?
3
6
9
12
Question 50
0 / 2 pts
Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:
Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces
Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells
Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas
Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production
Question 51
0 / 2 pts
Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome?
Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair
An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears
High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90
Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness
Question 52
0 / 2 pts
Where is the usual site of cervical dysplasia or cancer in situ?
Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the cuboidal epithelium of the vagina.
Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the uterus.
Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the columnar epithelium of the uterus.
Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina.
Question 53
0 / 2 pts
How can glaucoma cause blindness?
Infection of the cornea
Pressure on the optic nerve
Opacity of the lens
Obstruction of the venous return from the retina
Question 54
0 / 2 pts
Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain’s:
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Frontal lobe
Basal ganglia
Question 55
0 / 2 pts
Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain?
GCT
Pattern theory
Specificity theory
Neuromatrix theory
Question 56
0 / 2 pts
Where is oxytocin synthesized?
Hypothalamus
Paraventricular nuclei
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Question 57
0 / 2 pts
An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?
C
B12
B6
D
Question 58
2 / 2 pts
What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis?
Hypospadias
Epispadias
Hyperspadias
Chordee
Question 59
2 / 2 pts
The most critical aspect in ly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:
Computed tomographic (CT) scan
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Skull x-ray studies
Health history
Question 60
0 / 2 pts
Transcription is best defined as a process by which:
DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on ribonucleic acid (RNA).
RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis.
RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence.
Question 61
0 / 2 pts
Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium?
An individual with diabetes celebrating a 70th birthday
A depressed Hispanic woman
An individual on the second day after hip replacement
A man diagnosed with schizophrenia
Question 62
2 / 2 pts
Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?
Inhibin
Leptin
Activin
Follistatin
Question 63
0 / 2 pts
Which type of diarrhea results from lactose intolerance?
Secretory
Motility
Osmotic
Small volume
Question 64
2 / 2 pts
An amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women who:
Have a history of chronic illness
Have a family history of genetic disorders
Have experienced in vitro fertilization
Had a late menarche
Question 65
2 / 2 pts
Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers?
Slow contraction speed
Fast conduction velocities
Profuse capillary supply
Oxidative metabolism
Question 66
2 / 2 pts
The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
Question 67
2 / 2 pts
Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)?
Optic (CN I)
Abducens (CN VI)
Oculomotor (CN III)
Trochlear (CN IV)
Question 68
0 / 2 pts
Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?
Cortisol
Oxytocin
Epinephrine
Growth hormone
Question 69
2 / 2 pts
What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Periorbital edema
Scrotal or labial edema
Frothy urine
Ascites
Question 70
2 / 2 pts
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?
Ovarian
Lung
Uterine
Pancreatic
Question 71
0 / 2 pts
The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?
Incidence
Prevalence
Ratio
Risk
Question 72
2 / 2 pts
When a woman’s uterus is assessed as protruding through the entrance of the vagina to the hymen, which grade of prolapse does this indicate?
0
1
2
3
Question 73
2 / 2 pts
What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding?
Tolerance
Perception
Threshold
Dominance
Question 74
2 / 2 pts
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?
Premenstrual syndrome
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Primary dysmenorrhea
Question 75
0 / 2 pts
What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language?
Agnosia
Aphasia
Akinesia
Dysphasia