Just some more basic questions.
Answer the following questions. Submit in the text box below or submit as a word document.
Epidemiology Paper
Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment.
Communicable Disease Selection
Choose one communicable disease from the options below.
Chickenpox
Tuberculosis
Influenza
Mononucleosis
Hepatitis B
HIV
Ebola
Measles
Polio
Influenza
Epidemiology Paper Requirements
Address the following:
Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.
Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.
Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?
Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.
Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.
Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.
A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.
AttachmentsNRS-427VN-RS2-CommunicableDiseaseChain.doc
RUBRIC
Attempt Start Date: 15-Apr-2019 at 12:00:00 AM
Due Date: 21-Apr-2019 at 11:59:59 PM
Maximum Points: 150.0
Epidemiology Paper – Rubric
No of Criteria: 11 Achievement Levels: 5CriteriaAchievement LevelsDescriptionPercentageUnsatisfactory0.00 %Less than Satisfactory75.00 %Satisfactory83.00 %Good94.00 %Excellent100.00 %Content80.0 Comprehensive Description of a Communicable Disease and the Demographic of Interest10.0Demographic of interest and clinical description are omitted or presented with many inaccuracies.Limited and/or vague summary of demographic of interest and communicable disease is provided. Overview does not offer a clear representation of information necessary for epidemiological study.Overview of the demographic of interest and clinical description of the communicable disease is presented with some inaccuracies of the clinical descriptors.Clinical description of the communicable disease and demographic of interest is provided. Summary is brief but accurate.Overview describing the demographic of interest and clinical description of the communicable disease is presented with a thorough, accurate, and clear overview of all of the clinical descriptors.Determinants of Health and Explanation of How Determinants Contribute to Disease Development10.0Description of the determinants of health and their role in disease development is omitted or presented with many inaccuracies.Paper partially describes the determinants of health in relation to disease development.Paper identifies the determinants of health in relation to the communicable disease selected but does not include an explanation of their role in the development of disease. Paper describes each determinant of health with a comprehensive discussion of their contribution to disease development and progression.Paper comprehensively discusses the determinants of health in relation to the communicable disease, explains their contribution to disease development, and provides evidence to support main points.Epidemiologic Triangle (Host Factors, Agent Factors, and Environmental Factors)20.0Description of the epidemiologic triangle is omitted or presented with many inaccuraciesThe communicable disease is described with some inaccuracies within the epidemiologic triangle. A visual description of the factors and interaction is not present.The communicable disease is described accurately and clearly within the context of the epidemiologic triangle. The communicable disease is described accurately within the context of the epidemiologic triangle. A brief description of factors and interaction is presented.The communicable disease is described thoroughly, accurately, and clearly within an epidemiological triangle. A visual description of the triangle and how the components of the model interact is included. Role of the Community Health Nurse and Importance of Demographic Data20.0Discussion of the role of the community health nurse is omitted or unclear. An explanation of why demographic data are necessary to community health is omitted or unclear.Discussion of the role of the community health nurse is vague, with no integration of case finding, reporting, data collecting, data analysis, or follow-up skills. An incomplete explanation of why demographic data are necessary to community health is provided.Discussion of the role of the community health nurses is limited, with a brief overview of skills associated with community assessment and planning. An explanation of why demographic data are necessary to community health is summarized.Discussion of the role of community health nurse is clear, with a comprehensive description of skills associated with community assessment and planning. An explanation of why demographic data are necessary to community health is presented.Discussion of the role of the community health nurse is clear, comprehensive, and inclusive of the community nurse’s responsibilities to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention through tasks such as case finding, reporting, data collection and analysis, and follow-up. A clear explanation of the importance of demographic data to community health is presented.National Agency or Organization That Works to Addresses Communicable Disease10.0Agency and description of contribution are omitted. An agency or organization is identified, but discussion is vague or inaccurate in relation to the communicable disease chosen.An agency or organization is identified, but discussion regarding efforts to address communicable disease is lacking.An agency or organization is identified, but discussion regarding efforts to address communicable disease is brief.An agency or organization is identified. A clear and accurate description of efforts to address communicable disease is offered. Global Implication10.0Global implication of the disease is omitted or unclear.A discussion of the global implication of the disease is vague, with no integration of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is not provided.A discussion of the global implication of the disease is limited, with some integration of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is provided.A discussion of the global implication of the disease is clear, with a comprehensive description of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is provided.A discussion of the global implication of the disease is clear, comprehensive, and inclusive with a comprehensive description of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is provided.Organization and Effectiveness 15.0 Thesis Development and Purpose5.0Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.Thesis is insufficiently developed and/or vague, purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.Thesis is comprehensive, contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.Argument Logic and Construction5.0Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)5.0Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice, sentence structure, and or word choice are present.Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.Format 5.0 Paper Format 2.0Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken, lack of control with formatting is apparent.Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.All format elements are correct. Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)3.0Sources are not documented.Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.Total Percentage 100
Many financial experts report that the current average American household carries approximately $130,900 in total debt (according to NerdWallet’s 2015 American Houseshold Debt Study). This figure includes credit cards, mortgages, auto loans, student loans, and other forms of debt. While debt is generally an unfortunate part of life, if you decide to buy a house or car, it shouldn’t be an excuse to rack up huge credit card bills or take out unnecessary loans.
Put yourself in the shoes of the average American family. What are at least four signs that you have taken on too much debt? Be specific. Defend your answer in a well written and logical way.
Please note that your response (answer to the discussion question) should not exceed one (1) page in length.
1. The Kumar Corp. is planning on using bonds that pay no interest but can be converted into $4,000 at maturity, 8 years from their purchase. To price these bonds competitively with other bonds of equal risk, it is determined that they should yield 7%, compound. At what price should they Kumar sell the bond?
2. Mr Bill S Preston Esq purchased a new house from $110,000. He paid $20,000 down and agreed to pay the rest over the next 20 years in 20 equal end of the year payments plus 8% compound interest on the unpaid balance. What will equal payments be?
3. Levine Manufacturing is considering several investments. The rate on treasury bills is currently 8% and the expected return for the market is 13%. What should be required rate of return for each investment (using the Capm)
Security Beta
A 1.61
B 1.09
C 0.78
D 1.29
a. Required rate of return for security A is __%
b. Required rate of return for security B is __%
c. Required rate of return for security C is __%
d. Required rate of return for security D is __%
4. The market price is $1,150 for a 14 year bond ($1,000 per value) that pays 8% interest (4%semiannually). What is the bond’s expect rate of return? Expect annual rate of return is____%
5. Shelly inc. bonds have a coupon rate of 11%. The interest paid semiannually, and the bonds nature in 8 years. Their par value is $1,000. If your required rate of return is 12%, what is the value of the bond? What is the value if the interest is paid annually?
a. If the interest is paid semiannually, the value of the bond is $____
b. If the interest is paid annually, the value of the bond is $_____
6. You are planning to purchase 200 shares of preferred stock and must choose between stock A and B. Stock A pays an annual dividend of $3.75 and is currently selling for $38. Stock B pays an annual dividend of $3.55 and is selling for $40. If your required return is 9.38% which should you choose?
a. What is the expected return on stock A?
b. What is the expect return on stock B?
c. If your required return is 9.38% you should choose ( none; Stock A; Stock B)
7. Dalton Inc. has a return of 12.1% and retains 52% for reinvestments purposes. It recently paid a dividend of $3.75 and the stock is currently selling for $38.
a. What is the growth rate for Dalton?____%
b. What expected return for Dalton stock?____%
c. If you required a 13% return should you invest in the firm? Yes/No
8. You intend to purchase Margio common stock at$1.00 per share, hold it one year and then resell it after a dividend of $5.50 is paid. How much will the stock price have appreciate for you to satisfy your required rate of return of 15%??
The stock appreciate ___%
9. Which of the following forms of business organizations limits liability of owners?
A. corporation
b. sole proprietorship
c. 2 person partnership
d. general partnership
10. The recent finical crisis was exacerbated by?
a. a lack if finical leverage that made US firms less competitive in world markets
b. extremely high interest rate in the US that stifled investments
c. managers who underestimated the real risk of their decisions and borrowed excessively
d. managers who overestimated risk and hence did not invest sufficient funds
11. Sandersen Inc. sells minicomputers. During the past year, the company sales were $3.00 million. The cost of its merchandise sold came to $2.00milion and cash operating expense were $400,000, depreciation expense was $100,000 and the firm paid $150,000 in interest on its bank loans. Also, the corporation paid $25,000 in the form of dividends to its common stockholders. Calculate the corporations tax liability by using the corporate tax rate structures..
The corporation tax liability is $____
12.Rogue Industries reported the following items for the current year, Sales=$3,000,000; Cost of Goods=$1,500,000; Deprecation expense= $170,000; administrative expense= $150,000; interest expense=$30,000; Marketing expense=$80,000; taxes=$300,000. Rogue gross profit Is equal to
a. $1,100,00
b. $1,500,000
c. $1,070,000
d. $770,000
13.Use the following info to calculate the company’s accounting net income for the year.
Credit Sales= $80,000
Cash Sales=$500,000
Operating expense on credit=$20,000
Cash operating expense= $700,000
Accounts receivable (beg year) =$50,000
Accounts receivable (end of year)= $80,000
Accounts payable (beg of year) =$50,000
Accounts payable(end of year) = $100,000
Corporate tax rate=40%
Is it? A. $300,00
b. $120,000
c. $125,000
d. $240,000
14. A corporation has annual sales of $18 million total assets of $4million, a depreciation expense $200,000 and a tax rate of 40% . The corporation’s total stockholders’ equity is equal to
a. $5,600,000
b. $2,800,000
c. $1,800,000
d. $2,400,000
15. Generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) requires finance statements prepared on cash basis because these statements are most useful for investors and managers. True or false
16. Financial ratios are used by managers inside the company and by lenders, credit-rating agencies and investors outside of the company. True or false
17. Benkart Corp. has sales of $5,000,000, net income $800,000, total assets of $2,00,000 and 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding. If Benkraft P/E ratio is 12, what is the company’s current stock price?
a. $60 per share
b. $96 per share
c. $240 pershare
d. $360 per share
18. Given an account turnover of 10 and annual credit sales of $900,000, the average collection period is:
a. 36.5 days
b. 90 days
c. 40.56 days
d. 18.25 days
19. RBW Corp. has cash of $48,000, short-term note payables of $35,000, accounts receivable of $100,000, accounts payable of $120,000, inventories of $200,000, and accruals of $90,000. What is RWB’s current ratio?
a. 2.71
b. 1.57
c. 0.64
d. 1.42
20. The present value of $1,000 to be received in 5 years is_____ if the discount rate is 12.78%.
21. You have been depositing money at the end of each year into an account drawing 8% interest. What is the balance in the account at the end of year four if you deposited the following amounts:
$350,$500,$725,$400
a. $1,622
b. $2,207
c. $2,687
d. $2,384
22. Last National Bank is offering you a loan at 10% , payments on the loan are made monthly. Credit union is offering you a loan where payments are to be made semi-annually the rate of 10%. Local Bank down the street is offering a loan at 10% where payments are made quarterly. Which loan has the lowest annual cost?
23. You are ready to retire. A glance at your 401k statement indicates that you have $750,000. If the funds remain in an account earning 9% how much could you withdraw at the begging of each year for the next 25 years?
24. How can investors reduce the risk associated with an investment portfolio without having to accept a lower expected return?
a. wait until the stock market rises
b. purchase stocks that have exceptionally high standard deviations
c. increase the amount of money in the portfolio
D. Purchase of a variety of securities i.e. diversify
25. An example of a Eurobond is a bond issued an Asia by a US Corporation with interest and principle payments made in US dollar? True or False
26. If market interest rates rise
a. long-term bonds will rise in value more than short term bonds
b. short term bonds will rise in value more than long term bonds
c. short term bonds will decline in value more than long term bonds
d. long term bonds will decline in value more than short term bonds
27. Preferred stock is similar to a bond in the following way
a. preferred stock always contains a maturity date
b. both contain a growth factor similar to common stock
c. both provide interest payments
d. both investments provide a stated income stream
28. Lithium Lakes Industries preferred stock has a par value of $100 and pays a dividend of $6.00 per share. It presently sells for $87 per share. What do investors require as a rate of return on this stock? Round off to the nearest .10%
a. 9.3%
b. 14.5 %
c. 6.0%
d. 6.9%
29. What provision entitles the common shareholder to maintain a proportionate share of ownership in a firm?
a. the proportionality clause
b. the convertible feature
c. the cumulative feature
d. the preemptive right
30. DYI construction Co. is considering a new inventory system that will cost $750,000. The system it expected to generate positive cash flows over the next four years in the amounts of $350,000 in one year, $325,000 in year two, $150,000 in year three, $180,000 in year four. DYI’s required rate of return is 8%. What is the payback period of this project?
a. 2.91 years
b. 2.5 years
c. 3.09 years
d. 4.00 years
31. Your firm is considering an investment that will cost $920,000 TODAY. The investment will produce cash flow of $450,000 in year 1, $270,000 in years 2 through 4, and $200,000 in year 5. The discount rate that your firm uses for projects of this type is 11.25%. What is the investment’s net present value?
a. $192,369
b. $378, 458
c. $112,583
d. $540,000
32. All of the following are criticisms of the payback period criterion except:
a. it deals with accounting profits as opposed to cash flow
b. time value money is not accounted for
c. Cash flows occurring after the payback are ignored
d. none of the above, they are all criticisms of the payback period criteria
33. Stock W has the following returns for various state of economy:
State of Economy Probability Stock W’s Return
Recession 10%-30%
Below Average 20%-2%
Average 40%-10%
Above average 20%-18%
Boom 10%-40%
Stock W’s standard deviation of returns is
a. 17%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 14%
34. Of the following different types of securities which is typically considered most risky?
a. common stocks of small companies
b. long term government bonds
c. common stocks if large companies
d. long term corporate bonds
35. Stock A has the following returns for various states of the economy:
State of
The Economy Probability Stock A’s Return
Recession 10% -30%
Below Average 20% -2%
Average 40% 10%
Above Average 20% 18%
Boom 10% 40%
Stock A’s expected return is:
a. 9.6%
b. 5.4%
c. 8.2%
d. 7.2%
What lessons can we learn from the recent business scandals? What ethical principles were violated and what can be done to lessen the chance of future business scandals? There are many factors that contributed to the high‐profile business scandals such as Enron, WorldCom, Madoff, real estate, and the savings and loan failures. Some of these factors and the lessons we can learn from them are:
Having learned some lessons from recent business scandals we may be better prepared to understand how they happened and what can be done to improve the situation in the future. Congress passed new legislation in response to the latest round of business scandals. The most important legislation was the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 which added many regulations for companies and auditors. This is not the first time that the government has stepped in to regulate the accounting profession. For example, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established to regulate the stock market after some unethical business practices. After the stock market crash of 1929, the SEC was created in 1934 to restore public confidence in the capital markets. Let’s take a look at the latest legislation—Sarbanes‐Oxley.
Sarbanes‐Oxley
As a result of the business scandals Congress changed the rules for accountants by passing the Sarbanes‐Oxley legislation. The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 contains the following sections:
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) added many new regulations for companies that trade stock on the public stock exchanges. The duties of the PCAOB are to:
The U.S. Supreme Court is reviewing the Sarbanes‐Oxley legislation and may decide reduce the authority of the PCAOB. If any Supreme Court rulings do affect the Sarbanes‐Oxley legislation then Congress would need to change the regulations. Perhaps an overall lesson from the business scandals is that ethical behavior cannot be legislated. While ethical standards and effective internal controls can increase the likelihood of ethical behavior, making rules and regulations can never completely prevent fraud.
Discussion Questions
Assignment Details
Summative Discussion Board
Review and reflect on the knowledge you have gained from this course. Based on your review and reflection, write at least three (3) paragraphs on the following:
Deliverable Length: Main post: 300 words (minimum)
The Role of Macro-Environmental Factors
A) Please list the major macro-environmental factors discussed in the textbook and slides (Please find attached file).
B) Select one of those factors, provide an example of your own, and explain how it can influence the marketing process?
C) As a marketer, how do you deal with such a macro-environmental factor in order to protect your firm, use the existing opportunities and avoid potential threats?
Discussion Format:
1. The discussion grading is based on the quality of your comments and how clearly you can communicate your thoughts. Thus, the more you write, the easier for the grader to understand your viewpoints. Citing chapter related concepts can significantly improve the quality of your comments and it clearly indicates to the grader that you indeed read the chapter before you participate in the discussion.
2. To engage each other in the discussion, you do not only need to post your own thought but Also, are required to comment on THREE of your colleagues’ posts. Your grade will be evaluated based on your own post and your comments on three colleagues’ posts. Points will be significantly deducted if you did not participate and comment on any of your colleagues’ posts.
3. When commenting on your colleague’s posts, please do NOT simply reply with –yes, I agree with your point, etc. It should be a reply that is related to your colleagues’ thought on the topic and your comments/suggestions on his/her viewpoints.
Briefly answer the following questions below:
Identify and describe the Eight Dimensions of Organizational Capacity for Change (OCC). For each Dimension, discuss its significance to the organization and whether or not you believe it is essential to OCC. Support your positions with examples.
Eight Dimensions: Trustworthy Leaders, Trusting Followers, Capable Champions, Involved Middle Management, System Thinking, Communication Systems, Accountable Culture, and Innovated Culture.
Guidelines for Submission: Use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to a discipline-appropriate citation method. Page-length requirements: 1–4 pages.
Respond to your colleagues post by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.
at least 2 references in each peer responses!
Much like in the nursing process, the step of evaluation is very important in implementing any change. Deciding how the policy will be evaluated should be done as the policy is being created (Laureate education). The Institute of Medicine wants nurses to be at the forefront of healthcare change. This also contributes to the fourth aim of the quadruple aim which is to fight healthcare worker fatigue (Milstead & Short, 2019). When nurses have a say in the changes, they will be more likely to help implement them.
Nursing input was asked for in evaluating the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Milstead & Short, 2019). They were, “urged to engage in the evaluation process, advocate for cost transparency, campaign for patient education regarding enrollment in subsidized health insurance plans, and assist with the dissemination of accurate evaluation results” (Milstead & Short, 2019, pp. 121). With nurses being at the forefront of healthcare and the largest group of healthcare workers, their input is critical in evaluating how a new policy is working and they are also able to identify problems.
Nursing professional organizations, such as the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), among many others, were asked to provide formative data to lawmakers while the ACA was being evaluated (Milstead & Short, 2019). In addition to assisting with data collection, they were also asked to help disseminate evaluation data among peers, stakeholders, and patients (Milstead & Short, 2019). By being highly involved in a nursing organization, a nurse can have an excellent opportunity to review policies.
There are some challenges that exist in evaluating health policies. One factor is public opinion (Milstead & Short, 2019). This played a huge role in reviewing the ACA. Members of the public were constantly being manipulated by the press to think it was either bad or good and their opinions affected congress members’ decisions since they rely on votes to stay in office. A policy that might be overall beneficial to the public, could die by public opinion. To combat that, nurses need to make sure that they advocate for policies they believe in. This could make a difference since they are a trusted profession.
Another challenge is the rapid pace of policy changes (Milstead & Short, 2019). Some policies take time to truly see the effect they will have, but constituents and stakeholders want results overnight. This challenge might be met by establishing evaluation criteria from the start and asserting that time will be needed to fully know the impact.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). The Importance of Program Evaluation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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