PHL 210- Intro to Philosophy Paper 1
PAPER 1- Pick from ONE of the questions below and answer in essay form.TO GET PROPER CREDIT YOU MUST:1. Name your file: Paper One Last Name i.e. Paper One Jones2. Put your name on the actual document you are submitting.3. Write out the question. Check all spelling and grammar in MLA format.4. Cite all sources direct quotes or indirect ideas using elliptic giving author AND page numbers i.e. (Soccio 26). Failure here could result in a 0%!5. Include a Works Cited page at the end. Use at least THREE sources.6. Make sure you submit the work in Turn It In in a single Word document in doc. or docx. or richtext format.7. Your essay is to be between 1000-1600 words. Extensive quotes (more than 20%) do not count toward this. If you cannot answer a question in these parameters use another question. Minimum word count DOES NOT insure an excellent grade. Questions and Works Cited do not count towards the word count. You may not use Wikipedia as a source nor recycle a previous paper from another class.Chapter INTRO
1. Do you think that all knowledge is really just a matter of opinion? (Be honest.) If you do how do you explain scientific and technological progress? If you do not think that all knowledge is really just a matter of opinion how do you account for the persistence of different religions moralities and political ideals?2. To what extent do you think an individuals gender and ethnic background should be considered in evaluating his or her philosophical beliefs?
Chapter 1
1. What are some of the difficulties you might encounter by trying to follow the Eightfold Path? What for example might consist of wrong livelihoods (or wrong college majors)? Are there some jobs that no truly enlightened person could perform? What determines whether an occupation (or college major) is right?
2.Write a reflective essay on the concept of unsatisfactoriness as it relates to Buddhist teaching.
3. Which of the three sages did you find the most compelling and why?
4. Based what youve read so far can you think of any contemporary examples of sages? If you can what specific qualities or teachings impress you as sage like? How does this sage differ from Lao-tzu Confucius and the Buddha?
5. The tension between beliefs and facts recurs throughout the history of Western philosophy and explodes in our time in the form of challenges to the very possibilities of objectivity and universality. Can you sport signs of this division in current affairs? Religion? Politics? Among your friends? Which side of the fence are you on? Do you think the problem has a solution that is fair to both sides?
6. Interestingly the concept of a mean serves as the basis for Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics one of the most influential moral philosophies in the Western philosophical tradition. Compare Aristotles more linear characterization of the mean with Confuciuss more holistic or poetic one. Why do you suppose two of the most influential moral philosophers of all time stressed moderation and balance as the basis for human well-being and happiness?
7. In broad strokes human history can almost be reduced to an ongoing struggle between two distinct approaches to managing human affairs. One advocates minimal governancemanaging by not managingand the cultivation of healthy (natural) instincts. The other calls for the inculcation of formal manners and habits of repression combined with rules and regulations governing all aspects of our lives. See if you can find examples of each in contemporary politics education or parenting. Do you think one approach is (generally) superior to the other? Why? Do you agree that these two approaches to life seem to persist throughout history?
8. The notion of the noble or great soul has intrigued philosophers from Confuciuss time to our own. Does it have any resonance for you? Is the concept of the petty or inferior soul clearer? If it is why do you suppose it is easier to come up with examples of pettiness than of nobility? What do you think Confucius was really saying in his reply to the rapacious official?
9. Compare what Marcus Aurelius says about the perpetual renewing of the worlds youthfulness with Buddhas insight that the whole universe is forever moving from one form to another. To what philosophical and personal use do Marcus and the Buddha put their notions in this regard?
Chapter 2
1. How do you think it would go over today if we treated philosophers preachers and anyone who professes not to value money and wealth as much as integrity honor God or truth as if they mean what they say and hold them personally and legally accountable for living like they talk?
2. Make a convincing case that advertisers are Sophists. What would nonsophistic advertising be like? Do you agree that advertisers are Sophists? Explain.
3. Discuss Protagorass notion that disagreements can be cured.
4. Is there a contradiction involved in the way the Sophists present their doctrine that might makes right? Can you present a better version of it?
5. Is there any way to refute the idea that might makes right? Explain why or why not.
6. Suppose that relativism is true. How would this belief change the practice of moral criticism?
7. Is it reasonableor fairto judge a persons philosophical claims in terms of behavior? Do we trivialize being a philosopheror being a Christian or Muslim or liberal or conservativewhen we make a radical distinction between persons and their beliefs?
Chapter 3
1. Discuss some of the pros and cons of personal education versus commercialized education. Try to consider a variety of factors: efficiency; effects of money on pupils teachers teachers and institutions; mediocrity; conformity. Do you agree that it is wrong to sell wisdom? Is it realistic to expect teachers (or philosophers) to teach for free for love only? Cant any source of financial support lead to bias? Must it? (page 76)
2. Can you think of any ways you are ethnocentric? What are some close parallels between Athens of the fifth century B.C.E. and America after September 11 2001?
3. Analyze Protagoras speech. Has he convinced you? Explain. See if you can identify the trick used by both Protagoras and his pupil in the Wager.
4. Is might makes right the only explanation for social changes like the civil rights movements? Could other factors besides self-interest account for a shift in basic social values? What factors? Is anything lost by accepting a might-makes-right interpretation? Is anything gained? Explain.
5. Is some part of you stirred by all this talk of power and superiority? The Sophist would say that if you can be honest youll answer in the affirmative. What might prevent you (in the Sophists view) from admitting that you agree with them? Are they correct? Even if you personally reject Callicles position how common do you think it is? Lastly what do you think of the Sophists overall assessment of the way society really operates? Are they onto something or not? Whats your evidence?
Chapter 4
1. One of my college friends resembled Socrates. I first noticed him in the cafeteria. I thought he was one of the most unfortunate-looking persons I had ever seen. He knew some acquaintances of mine and so I eventually met him. I initially felt uncomfortable even being around him because of his looks Im sorry to say. But slowly I discovered an intelligent funny kind strong and courageous man. Over the years of our friendship I lost the capacity to see him as ugly. Sadly the converse has been true in my experience as well. A beautiful or handsome countenance that belongs to a slothful or self-centered or shallow or cruel person over time becomes less handsome or beautiful to me. Have you noticed this pattern in yourself? Analyze it if you have.
2. What do you think of Socrates views on self-control? Does the current concern with healthy diets exercise and so on seem to be in line with what Socrates thought or are we perhaps overdoing it or acting from love of beauty not self-control? Discuss.
3. How might we explain the fact that many churches and schools are luxurious? Dont both educators and preachers (not to mention gurus and therapists) say that material success does not guarantee happiness? Dont many of them say that the life of the mind or soul is most important? Why then do they live as if they dont believe it? There are plenty of famous examples of this inconsistency. Discuss one or two of them. If the Socratic view is wrong why do so many people give it lip service?
4. Can you think of other paradigmatic individuals? Remember a paradigmatic individual is more than a merely influential teacher adviser social reformer or significant religious figure. Do you think that contemporary America with its present diversity can produce archetypal philosophers? Or must each community or ethnic group have its own human paradigms? What qualities do you think a contemporary American sophos must possess?
5. Statistically poorer less-educated people make up a disproportionate segment of our prison population. Just how relevant to Thrasymachus position is it that white-collar and celebrity criminals are often punished less severely than poor or obscure defendants are? Other studies suggest that physically attractive job candidates are most likely to be hired. Have you ever noticed how some students seem to get by mostly on cleverness and charm? Should we draw conclusions about the nature of justice from these cases or just chalk them up to the way things sometimes go? Try to separate our lip-service moral values from those we practice. Try to separate a storybook conception of life from a realistic one. Are moral realists onto something or not? Explain.
6. Do some informal research among your friends to get a sense of some contemporary conceptions of the soul. Compare and contrast what you discover with Socrates conception of the psyche. How might a persons conception of the soul influence his or her response to the issue of the unexamined life?
7. Socrates claims that an unexamined life is not worth living. What do you think it means to live an examined life? Do you agree that a life with self-examination is not worth living?
8. Have you ever met a highly educated specialist (physician biochemist psychologist philosophy teacher preacher) who thinks nothing of pontificating on the economy sex education or how you should raise your child? Discuss in light of Socratic statements concerning human wisdom.
9. Compare Socrates attitude toward the soul with your ownand with that of your religion if you practice one. What do you see as the main differences? What are some advantages and disadvantages of Socrates view?
10. Do you agree that no one knowingly does evil? Explain.
11. If all evil is ignorance can we ever justly punish evildoers? Discuss.
Chapter 5
1. As persistent voting controversies make clear Americans have reason to be wary of requirements for voting. In the past voting requirements have been used to prevent women and people of certain ethnic groups from voting. On the other hand a case might be made that by not having some minimal standard of preparedness and awareness we make a mockery of choosing. How can an ignorant voter choose anything? Does choosing matter? Can I be truly free if I am uninformed and ignorant? Discuss from both sides.
2. Reflect on the following objection to the preceding paragraphs: The glass bead example is only playing with semantics. When we talk about two physical objects being identical we dont mean literally identicalwe mean so similar that human beings are unable to distinguish one object from the other. Obviously we can distinguish different things from each other when theyre right next to each other. But if we find no differences when we analyze them one at a time we are justified in saying that they are identical indistinguishable! Identical means indistinguishable to human beings; that is so closely resembling each other that we cannot tell them apart. How might Plato answer this objection?
3. Is it possible to know that no one does know? Is it possible to know that no one does know that no one does know? Is it possible to know that no one can know that no one does know? How do you know? Or how do you know that you dont know?
4. Compare Platos use of similes to show that there are levels of knowledge with John Stuart Mills more ordinary argument regarding levels of knowledge in judgments of quality (Chapter 12). Which approach seems most compelling if either does? Assess.
5. The Allegory of the Cave has intrigued students of Plato since it first appeared. Do you think it fairly expresses the way we experience knowledge? For instance in childhood everything is black and white but with experience we discover rich nuances and hues as it were. What level are you on? Society in general? The world? Explain. Do you believe in levels of reality? In enlightenment? Why or why not?
6. Consider the family as a functional system: If young children are allowed to spend the money determine bedtimes and so on the whole family suffers. If the parents try to live like children the whole family suffers. If every family member is free to pick and choose what he or she feels like doing or not doing every day there can be no family. You might try similar analyses of marriages churches schools or factories. Discuss the need for hierarchy authority and a governing power.
7. Do you agree with Plato that democracy is incompatible with self-discipline? What sort of self-discipline do you think Plato was concerned about?
8.Can you spot any symptoms in our society of the pattern Plato attributes to injustice in individuals and the state? Can you identify individuals or groups that fall into sickness and dissension at the slightest provocation? Whatif anythingdoes justice (or a lack of justice) have to do with these reactions? Explain.
9. Do you think things like laws against hate speech and fundamentalist reactions against the excesses of Western democracy support Platos argument that the inevitable result of democracy is too much liberty and that widespread abuses of liberty lead to demands for law and order and ultimately tyranny? What other examples can you think of to buttress Platos case? What examples to weaken it? (As you ponder this note that calls for restrictions on personal freedom come from both liberal and conservative thinkers.)
Chapter 6
1. Discuss some of the common obstacles to becoming a fully functioning balanced individual.
2. As an example of the importance of luck in the good life think about this Aristotelian maxim (derived from Solon): Count no man happy until he is dead. Aristotle taught that a good life can be marred by a bad death. Discuss this general idea and then tie it to our present attitudes toward death dying euthanasia and the all-too-frequent instances of individuals kept barely alive condemned to spend their last months or years in nursing homes. Do you agree with Aristotle that a bad death or dying can transform a good life into a bad one? Or do you think that biological life is sacredperiod?
3. Consider Aristotles position carefully here. It might conform more closely to our true feelings about virtue than our sentimental and idealistic platitudes imply. We might be taught that virtue is its own reward but how many of us really think as highly of a good person who hides away from the world as we do of someone who has faults and makes mistakes but gets out there and gets involved in life. Is being good really enough?
4. Study and discuss Table 6.1 Aristotelian Virtues and Vices using principles from the Nicomachean Ethics and the concept of the mean. Then add and discuss your own examples of virtues and vices.
Chapter 7
1. Stop for a moment and reflect on this: Is it possible to be calm under all circumstances? Or do certain circumstances force us to be distressed and agitated? Why do some people seem happy in horrible circumstances while others suffer in the midst of being loved healthy and financially well-off? Do you think happiness is mostly a matter of attitude or not? Discuss.
2. Do you agree that the test of faith is anxiety? Are the Stoics correct in insisting that one who truly realizes that everything is governed by a divine plan will lose all fear and anxiety? Justify your position.
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of disinterestedness. When is it a virtue? When is it not? Give some examples and explain them.
4. Reflect on letting go in the sense of doing what seems right and then relaxing. Provide a few of your own examples of how fear of consequences and an obsession with control can affect us. Discuss ways for identifying and striking a balance between letting go in a wise way and in an irresponsible way.
5. By some estimates 60 percent of Americans are overweight or obese. Some 95 percent of those who try to lose and maintain a clinically healthy weight will fail. Could being obese be part of a persons fate? Could being an alcoholic? Sexually promiscuous? Lazy? As more and more behaviors are linked to genetics how can we distinguish between defects of character and things not in our control?
6. Discuss the preceding passage from Epictetus about relationships. What lessons might it offer regarding our relationships and the things that make us unhappy?

 

EBP Searchable Clinical Question with Annotated Bibliography
Order Description
Requirements:
1. Select a health-related topic applicable to your practice setting and formulate a clinical question using the PICO (T) format. DONE BY ME (SEE FORM)
2. Identify key terms that you will use to search the literature based on the PICO (T) elements. DONE BY ME (SEE FORM)
3. Search for information on your formulated clinical question in each of these three databases: PubMed CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and The Joanna Briggs Institute database.
4. Present the results of the searches in the tables provided in the Evidence-Based Practice Searchable Clinical Questions Form( INCLUDED IN UPLOADS)

 

Wellness visits are an important part of pediatric primary care. During these visits, patient growth and development are assessed. As an advanced practice nurse who performs these assessments, you must be able to distinguish between normal and abnormal growth and development to recognize red flags. While some patients may not meet milestones due to differences in rates of development, abnormal development might also be a red flag of an underlying problem. In this Discussion, you examine the following case studies and consider potential developmental red flags:
Case Study 1
A mother brings in her 16-month-old, Brittany, for treatment of an acute illness. During the history, the mother reports that her mother-in-law is concerned about the toddler’s development. Further questioning reveals the following:
Brittany was a term infant born vaginally with no intrapartum complications. Birth weight was 8 pounds 1 ounce and current weight is 26 pounds 9 ounces.She was breastfed until 12 months of age and now drinks 24 ounces of whole milk and eats table foods daily.Physical milestones are as follows: Rolled front to back at 6 months, developed pincer grasp at 11 months, crawled at 8 months, and began cruising at 10 months. She does not walk independently.Social development includes mimicking adult behavior, four-word vocabulary (mama, dada, baba, and no), follows one-step commands, and quiets easily when comforted.
Case Study 2:
You see a 30-month-old named Brian for a well-child visit. His mother reports the following development:
Physical: Walks independently, runs, able to climb stairs alternating feet, makes a tower of nine cubes, and is able to button his pants.Social: Follows one-step commands, uses one-word sentences, and has a vocabulary of approximately six words. He is resistant to nighttime and feeding routines, he has marked temper tantrums, and Mom states he does not calm when she tries to comfort him.
Case Study 3Jose is a 36-month-old who presents for a preschool evaluation. His father reports the following development:
Physical: Walks, runs, and jumps independently, walks up stairs alternating feet, pedals a three-wheeler, scribbles, copies circles and squares, and is able to balance on one foot for 2 to 3 seconds.Social: Recognizes three colors; speech is 75% understandable; uses three- to four-word sentences; talks about friends, favorite activities, and family; frequently engages in imitative play; has an imaginary friend; does stutter on occasion when excited or when intent on getting something said. Will typically repeat the first word in a sentence three to four times, but does not repeat syllables or consonants. This happens three to four times a week.To prepare:
Review this week’s media presentations, as well as “Developmental Management of Infants” and “Developmental Management of Toddlers and Preschoolers” in the Burns et al. text.Think about how physical, social, and cognitive development vary during infancy, toddlerhood, and the preschool years. Reflect on normal versus abnormal growth and development and consider the decision-making process of identifying and managing red flags of abnormal development.Select one of the three case studies provided. Reflect on the patient information included in the case study and consider any developmental red flags.Reflect on standardized screening tools, clinical guidelines, and management strategies that would be used to assess and manage the patient in your selected case study.By Day 3Post an explanation of any developmental red flags that presented in the case study you selected based on the stages of normal physical, social, and cognitive development for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Explain how you differentiated between normal and abnormal growth and development for this patient and identify which standardized screening tools, clinical guidelines, and management strategies you might use to assess and manage this patient and why.

 

No Plegarism please, assignment will be checked with Turnitin. 
Will need minimum of 3 pages, title, and reference page APA Style, double spaced, times new romans, font 12, and and 3 references with intext citations.
 
Poor Patient Outcome
Relying solely on the classic features of a disease may be misleading. That’s because the clinical presentation of a disease often varies: the symptoms and signs of many conditions are non-specific initially and may require hours, days, or even months to develop.
Generating a differential diagnosis; that is, developing a list of the possible conditions that might produce a patient’s symptoms and signs — is an important part of clinical reasoning. It enables appropriate testing to rule out possibilities and confirm a final diagnosis.
This case portrays a poor patient outcome after a misdiagnosis.
Case scenario
A previously healthy 35-year-old lawyer presents to a primary care office with a chief complaint of chest pain and a non-productive cough. The pain started suddenly 2 hours prior to coming to the office while the patient was sitting at his desk. The patient describes the pain as sharp in nature, constantly present but made worse with inspiration and movement, and with radiation to the base of the neck. His blood pressure in the right arm and other vital signs are normal.
On physical examination the only findings of note are chest wall tenderness and a faint cardiac murmur. The ECG in the office is normal. The patient is observed for an hour in the office and assessed. He is diagnosed with viral pleurisy and sent home on non-steroidal analgesics.
The following day the patient collapses at home and cannot be resuscitated by the paramedic service. An autopsy reveals a Type 1 aortic dissection with pericardial tamponade.
Written Assignment:
Developing a list of possible conditions that might produce a patient’s symptoms and signs is an important part of clinical reasoning.
As an NP in primary care what would you have done differently?
Discuss the importance of creating a list of differentials for this patient. How could it have changed this outcome?
If a serious diagnosis comes to mind based on a patient’s symptoms:
Ask yourself; Have you considered the likelihood of it and whether it needs to be ruled out by testing or referral?
Because many serious disorders are challenging to diagnose, have you considered ruling out the worst case scenario?
Ask yourself: Do you have sufficient understanding of the clinical presentation to offer an opinion on the diagnosis?
What other diagnosis could it be? How might the treatment to date have altered the patient outcome?
What other diagnostic and laboratory or imaging was needed in order to make a complete differential list?
What support tools would you consider using in helping to create a differential diagnosis list?
Are you familiar with the current clinical practice guidelines for the investigation of a suspected condition such as chest pain?

 

Describe the four stages of development of ongoing teams. Do teams always develop as neatly as suggested by the four stages? Give an example of when they do not.
2. You have been appointed the director of a local health and human services department, which has been recently formed by the merger of an independent department of health and department of human services. You find that the different units in the department operate with very little communication and there is significant intergroup conflict across teams and departments within the organization. As a leader, how can you reduce this “silo mentality” and improve collaboration across teams?